单元语法聚焦 ( 五 )被动语态 ( 一 )1 .概念:英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者,叫做主动语态;主语是动作的承受者,叫做被动语态。2 .被动语态的基本构成是“助动词 be +及物动词的过去分词”。助动词 be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与其作为连系动词时的变化完全一样。一般现在时的被动语态构成为:主语+ am/is/are +及物动词的过去分词。3 .一般现在时的被动语态的句式变化:(1) 肯定:主语+ am/is/are +及物动词的过去分词。 eg : Cars are made by them. 汽车是由他们制造的。(2) 否定:主语+ am/is/are + not +及物动词的过去分词。 eg : Cars are not made by them. 汽车不是由他们制造的。(3) 一般疑问句: Am/Is/Are +主语+及物动词的过去分词? eg :Are cars made by them ?汽车是由他们制造的吗?4 .被动语态的用法:(1) 在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下,可用被动语态。 eg : This coat is made of cotton. 这件大衣是棉制的。(2) 要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态。 eg : Her bike is stolen. 她的自行车被偷了。5 .主、被动语态的转换:主动语态:主语+及物动词+宾语 ( +其他 ) 。被动语态:主语+ be +及物动词过去分词+ by +宾语 ( +其他 ) 。【注意】①主动、被动互相转换时,时态不变。②主动句的主语是代词的主格形式,变成被动句 by 的宾语时,要用宾格形式。一、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1 . We all know that English ___________(speak) all over the world.2 . What ___ this kind of food ________ (call) in Japanese?3 . Many trees ___________ (plant) in my hometown every year.4 . Rice ____________ (not grow) in winter in the north.5 . Both English and French ______________ (speak) in Canada.is spokeniscalledare plantedisn't grownare spoken二、单项选择。( )6.Children should ________ to be honest from a young age.(2016·青岛 ) A . educate B . be educatedC . punish D . be punished( )7.More chances ________ for students to learn from each other if working in groups.(2016·...