虚拟语气井冈山市旅游中专学校 段建平虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：Long live the People´s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！May you be happy! May you have a good time! 二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法1） 表示与现在事实相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be 多用于were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation. 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。 2） 与过去事实相反条件从句主句过去完成时would/should/could/might＋have done 例如：If you had come earlier,you couldn´t/wouldn´t have missed the bus. 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。 3） 与将来事实可能相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be 多用 were）should do,were to dowould/should/could/might＋动词原形 例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。） If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break. 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。 4） if 的省略如果条件句中有 were,had,should 等助动词，可将 if 省略，而把 were,had 或should置于句首,来表达以 if 引导的条件句的相同意思。例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 5)条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。例如：——Why didn´t you attend the party yesterday? ——I would/should have,but I was too busy then.I was surprised that you didn´t like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了 if you had l...
