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Unite 1 2、Translate the following phrases into Chinese /English . （1）Compression Members 受压构件 （2）critical buckling load 临界屈曲荷载 （3）the slenderness ratio 细长比 （4）stub column 短柱 （5）reduced modulus 简化模量 （6）Effective length 计算长度 （7）Residual stress 残余应力 （8）Trial-and-error approach 试算法 （9）Radius of gyration 回转半径 （10）Tangent modulus 切线模量 3、Translate the following sentence into Chinese. (1)This ideal state is never achieved in reality, however, and some eccentricity of the load is inevitable. 然而，在现实中,这种理想状态从来没有实现，一些荷载偏心是不可避免的 (2)In many instances the members are also called upon to resist bending, and in these cases the member is a beam-column. 在许多情况下，构件同样需要能够抵抗弯矩，在这些情况下，构件被称之为梁柱。 (3)If the member is so slender that the stress just before buckling is below the proportional limit---that is, the member is still elastic---the critical buckling load is given by Q. 如果该构件很细长以至于在压曲前的应力低于比例极限---也就是说，该构件仍然是弹性状态---该构件的该临界屈曲荷载就可以由公式 Q 给出。 (4)The ratio L/r is the slenderness ratio and is the measure of a compression member’s slenderness, with large values corresponding to slender members. L/r 这一比值是长细比，是受压构件的长细的量度，细长的构件具有较大的值。 (5)If the stress at which buckling occurs is greater than the proportional limit of the material, the relation between stress and strain is not linear, and the modulus of elasticity E can no longer be used. 如果屈曲发生时的应力超过了材料的比例极限，应力与应变之间的关系不再是线性的，弹性模量 E 不能再使用 (6)If the member is more stocky, as the one in Fig.1.1b, a larger load will be required to bring the member to the point of instability. ...