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r XXXX American Chemical SocietyAdx.doi.org/10.1021/cr2001756 |Chem. Rev. XXXX, XXX, 000–000pubs.acs.org/CRNucleation and Grow th of Nanoparticles in the AtmosphereRenyi Zhang,*,†,‡,§ Alexei Khalizov,† Lin Wang,‡ Min Hu,§ and Wen Xu††Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry and Environment, Texas A&MUniversity, College Station, Texas 77843, United States‡Department of Environmental Science & Engineering and Institute of Global Environment Change Research, Fudan University,Shanghai 200433, China§State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University, Beijing, 100871, ChinaCONTENTS1. IntroductionB2. Overview of Vapor NucleationD2.1. Nucleation Theories and ComputationalApproachesD2.1.1. Classical Nucleation TheoryD2.1.2. Kinetic TheoriesF2.1.3. Molecular Dynamics and Monte CarloMethodsF2.1.4. Density Functional TheoryG2.1.5. Nucleation TheoremG2.2. Nucleation ExperimentsH2.2.1. Adiabatic Expansion ApproachesH2.2.2. Diffusion ChamberH2.2.3. Laminar Flow ChamberI2.2.4. Turbulent Mixing ChamberI2.2.5. Continuous Generation of NucleatingVapors from Chemical Reaction sourcesI2.2.6. Comparison between ExperimentalResults and Nucleation TheoriesI3. Nucleation of Nanoparticles in the AtmosphereK3.1. Atmospheric MeasurementsK3.1.1. Concentrations and Size Distributions ofAtmospheric NanoparticlesL3.1.2. Chemical Composition of AtmosphericNanoparticlesM3.1.3. Measurements of Charged and NeutralAtmospheric ClustersP3.2. Laboratory StudiesR3.2.1. Binary Nucleation of H2SO4ÀH2OR3.2.2. Ternary Nucleation of H2SO4ÀH2O Involv-ing Ammonia and AminesT3.2.3. Nucleation of H2SO4ÀH2O Assisted byOrganic AcidsU3.2.4. Nucleation of Iodine OxidesW3.2.5. Ion-I...