基于即时物流的饿了么外卖物流配送模式选择研究【摘要】随着社会的快速发展，人们对时效性和方便性越来越重视，物流行业发展飞速，“即时物流”也应运而生。目前外卖物流仍是即时物流重点任务。外卖物流对时效性要求高，同时需要良好的配送服务，提升用户体验。为了提升配送服务水平，2015 年饿了么自建蜂鸟配送系统。然而自建配送体系意味着高成本投入。随着物流快速发展，众包概念开始在物流行业兴起，众包物流的优势在于能降低物流成本，因此外卖配送行业开始融入众包配送模式，从而形成两种模式共存的发展局面。饿了么外卖作为行业内的佼佼者，既要做到提供高水平配送服务，也要考虑到投入的配送成本，两者兼顾企业才能良性运转下去。自营配送和众包配送各有各的优势和劣势，饿了么外卖平台需要分析计算出自营配送和众包配送合适的比例，实现外卖平台利益最大化。笔者在本文中以典型的饿了么外卖为例，通过分析其配送现状和存在的问题，找到解决问题的关键，最终建立以配送服务水平和配送成本作为目标函数，以自营配送订单所占比例和配送人效为决策变量的多目标优化模型，运用MATLAB 数据分析软件，计算分析目标变量与决策变量的变化关系，最终确定饿了么外卖自营配送订单的最优比例，从而实现以相对较低配送成本提供更好的配送服务。【关键词】饿了么外卖；即时物流；蜂鸟专配；众包配送；多目标优化 Research on the choice of delivery mode of eleme takeout delivery based on real-time logistics[Abstract] With the rapid development of the society, people pay more attention to the timeliness and convenience, and the logistics industry has made rapid progress. "instant logistics" has emerged as The Times require. At present, takeout logistics is still the key task of instant logistics. Takeout logistics has a high requirement on timeliness and relies on good delivery services to improve user experience. Therefore, eleme takeout chooses to build its own logistics distribution system -- hummingbird distribution, so as to improve the delivery service level. However, the self-built distribution system also brings the problem of high distribution cost. In...
