初中英语――现在完成时能力提升made by Mr. Zhong 1 一.1)现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响 。I ’m sure we ’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。2)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如recently, already, just, lately, for⋯, since ⋯,yet等。如:I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。3) have been to 和 have gone to的区别二.英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。1. 持续性动词 : 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的 study, play, do, read, learn, speak, talk, , sit, stand, keep等。2. 瞬间性动词 : 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的 --begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die,等3. 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. (他参军已有 3 年了。)不用 has joined She has been up for quite some time. (她起床已有好久了。)不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? (离家已有初中英语――现在完成时能力提升made by Mr. Zhong 2 好久了吗?)不用has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系:1 、go— be away 2、come — be here 3、come back — be back 4、leave — be away (be not here ) 5 、buy — have 6、borrow— keep 7 、die —— be dead 8、begin —— be on 9、finish — be over 10 、open —— be open 11、close —— be closed 12、lose—— be lost 13 、get to know — know 14、turn on — be on 15、get up —— be up 16、sit down— sit/beseated 17、join — be in (⋯)或 be a ⋯ member 18、become — be 4. 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示...