第 1 页一. 名词 : 1. 可数与不可数名词: 2. 可数名词的复数情况构成方法例词一般名词加-s cap— caps dog— dogs 以 s ,x,sh,ch 等结尾的词加-es bus— buses box— boxes wish — wishes watch— watches 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变 y 为 i ,再加 -es family — families story— stories 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词一般变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es leaf — leaves life— lives wife — wives 以 o 结尾的词o 前为辅音音素时加-es ,o 前为元音音素时加-s tomato — tomatoes hero— heroes radio — radios 例外: photo — photos piano — pianos 可数名词不可数名词分单、复数两种形式desk — desks bus— buses 没有复数形式tea meat 前面可用基数词、不定冠词修饰three boys an orange 不可以被基数词和不定冠词直接修饰,若表示数量可用“量词+不可数名词”a piece of paper two cups of tea 可数名词的复数前可用 many,some,any 修饰many teachers some friends 可用 much,some,any 修饰much bread some milk 第 2 页3. 不可数名词的数量要借助一个量词来表达,其结构为“数词/ 冠词+量词+ of +不可数名词”。量词是可数名词且数词大于 1 时,量词需变为复数形式。如下表:4. 名词所有格类型英语汉译例词个数单位词piece 张;片;块a piece of advice two pieces of advice drop 滴a drop of ink three drops of ink pile 堆a pile of wood four piles of wood 容器单位词cup 杯a cup of coffee seven cups of coffee glass ( 玻璃 )杯a glass of milk eight glasses of milk bottle 瓶a bottle of juice nine bottles of juice box 盒;箱a box of chalk ten boxes of chalk bag 袋a bag of flour eleven bags of flour 度量衡单位词pound 磅a pound of meat fourteen pounds of meat kilo 公斤a kilo of oil two kilos of oil 类型构成方法例词有生命的名词( 人或动物 ) 在词尾加“ 's ”Tom's book the girl's ear-ring the dog's ears the hero's name 以 s ,es 结尾的复数名词只加“ ' ”the students' desks the teachers' office 不以 (e)s 结尾的复数名词加“ 's ...