第十三章状语 Adverbials 13.0 Introduction 1. 形式：状语可以是副词形容词名词，介词词组，副词词组，形容词& 名词词组，分句等。2. 位置：可在句首，句中和句末。3. 语法结构： 1）结合性状语（integrated)。 2）分离性状语 (peripheral)。判断方法：把整句带入:“ It ’s true that⋯“ 里可以明显看出。E.g.: John drove slowly. -- i t ’s true that John drove slowly. (integrated， adjuncts ) Fortunately, he came back just in time. -- Fortunately, It ’s true that he came back just in time. (Peripheral, disjuncts ) However, it was a good meeting. -- However , it’s true that it was a good meeting. (Peripheral, conjuncts) * Adjuncts: 修饰性状语，主要修饰动词* Disjuncts: 评注性状语，对分句内容的评价。* Conjuncts: 连接性状语，逻辑粘合剂，把新句子加入文章中。Integrated adverbial（结合性状语）Adjuncts修饰性状语Adverbials 状语Disjuncts: 评注性状语Peripheral adverbial (分离性状语 ) Conjuncts: 连接性状语13.1 Adjuncts 修饰性状语分时间状语(Time Adjuncts)，地点状语(Place Adjuncts)，过程状语(Process Adjuncts)，因果状语(Contingency Adjuncts)。13.1.1时间状语Time Adjuncts a. Types of Time Adjuncts When-Adjuncts(何时状语 ) Duration-Adjuncts(持续状语 ) Frequency-Adjuncts(频度状语 ) We are going to the theatre tomorrow. (When adjuncts) They have lived here for 20 years.( Duration-Adjuncts) She sees the doctor twice a month.( Frequency-Adjuncts) When-Adjuncts(何时状语 )1.可被 When-question提问。（when are you going to the theater?）2.特指的时间点或者时间段。 （ they arrived at 10 o’clock. / The war started on May 4,1952）3.非特指的时间点或者时间段，在交谈中默认的时间。(they ’ ll be back soon. / See you later.) 4.常以分句形式出现。被以下连词连接：after, as, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, now, as long as, as soon as⋯I will call you as soon as I hear the news.5.或者被名词从句作为连词链接。Th...
