英语基础语法知识

英语句子成分（ 8 种）主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语、同位语1、主语 是句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词、代词、动名词充当。English is a foreign language. I like learning English. Learning English is interesting. 2、谓语 说明主语的动作或状态 ,回答“做 (什么 )”。主要由动词担任。I learn English every day. 3、表语 在系动词之后 ,说明主语的身份或特征 ,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样” 。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如： My name is Ping ping . I am happy. The book is mine. 连系动词分类：（1）状态系动词：用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be 一词。He is a teacher. He is ill. (2) 感官系动词： look,feel, smell, sound, taste Your mother looks young. This kind of cloth feels soft. The flower smells good. This song sounds great.. The soup tasted delicious.（3）表像系动词 :seem, look 看起来好像He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. （4）持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况，主要有keep, stay keep 和 stay 义为“保持” , remain 义为“仍然是，依然是”keep/stay healthy （5）变化系动词：变得become, turn, get, fall, go，grow 等. become /get angry, famous, fat, ill, old, strong(人) become/ get cold ,dark, cloudy（天气）go 主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化(可用于人或事物 ) go bad, hungry, wrong Her face turned red/ green. fall ill/ silent grow impatient 6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达 "证实 "之意 . The theory proved (to be ) wrong. His plan turned out (to be ) successful （turn out 表终止性结果）4、宾语 表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物 ,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter .有时可把介词 to 或 for 加在间接宾语前构成短语 ,放在直接宾语后面 ,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . 5、宾语补足语 用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They us...