1DNAmethylationDNA甲基化功能Afewdata•humangenome:about28milionCpGs•60–80%aregenerallymethylated
•Lessthan10%ofCpGsoccurinCG-denseregionsthataretermedCpGislands;•HalfofCGIoccuratgenebody
Afewknowledge•1
ThreeconservedenzymesDNAmethyltransferase1(DNMT1):DNAmethylationmaintenanceDNMT3AandDNMT3B:denovomethylationDNMT3L:isacatalyticallyinactivehomologueofDNMT3AandDNMT3B2
Demethylation:thymidineDNAglycosylase(TDG)teneleventranslocationmethylatosinedioxygenase(TET)activation-inducedcytodinedeaminase(AID)ThemanyrolesofDNAmethylationDNMT1DNMT3A/BMarkingactiveregulatoryelementsTFStadleretal,Nature,2011Imprinting♀♂Brandeisetal,EMBOJ,1993AlternativepromoterregulationMaunakeaetal,Nature,2010SilencingofrepeatsAlu/LINE/SINEWalshetal,NatGenetics,1998GenesilencingNaveh-ManyandCedar,PNAS,1981CytosineMethyl-cytos