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PhysicalExaminationinPhysicalExaminationinRespiratorySystemRespiratorySystemwangyingyanwangyingyan1.Superficiallandmarks,1.Superficiallandmarks,imaginarylinesandregionsimaginarylinesandregionsofthechestofthechestAnteriorlandmarkAnteriorlandmarkManubriumgladiolusXiphoidprocessAnteriorlandmarkAnteriorlandmarkSternalangle(louisangle)CosticartilageofsecondribBronchialbifurcationThesuperioredgeofcardiacatriumThejunctionofupperandlowermediastinumTheleveloffifththoracicvertebraeposteriorPosteriorlandmarkPosteriorlandmarkThescapularanglesitorstand,armsattheside—seventhriborinterspaceorthelevelofeighththoracicvertebraTheseventhcervicalvertebralspineprominentlyprotrudingScapulaeangleseventhcervicalvertebralspineAnteriorimaginarylinesAnteriorimaginarylinesAnteriormidlineMidclavicularlineAnteriormidlinedrawnthroughthemiddleofthesternumMidclavicularlinedrawnthroughthemiddleoftheclavicleLateralimaginarylinesLateralimaginarylinesAnterioraxillarylinePosterioraxillarylineMidaxillarylineAnterioraxillarylinedrawnalongtheanterioraxillaryfoldsMidaxillarylinedrawnfromthevertexoftheaxillaePosterioraxillarylinedrawnalongtheposterioraxillaryfoldsPosteriorimaginarylinesPosteriorimaginarylinesScapularlinePosteriormidlinePosteriormidlinedrawnthroughthepos-teriorspinousprocessofvertebraeScapularlinedrawnthroughthescapularangleAnteriorfossaeAnteriorfossaeEpigastricangleInfraclavicularfossaSuprasternalfossaSupraclavicularfossaAxillaryfossaAxillaryfossaPosteriorimaginaryPosteriorimaginaryregionregionInfrascapularregionInterscapularregionSuprascapularregion2.Thorax2.ThoraxShape:symmetricalwithoutdeformityShape:symmetricalwithoutdeformityAnteroposterior/transversediameteris1:1.5Anteroposterior/transversediameteris1:1.5RespiratoryRespiratoryrhythmrhythm：：regularandsymmetricregularandsymmetricmodelmodelAbdominalrespiratory—menandchildrenAbdominalrespiratory—menandchildrenChestrespiratory—womenChestrespiratory—womenveinveintendernessorsubcutaneouscrepitustendernessorsubcutaneouscrepitus4.Lung4.LungInspectionInspectionRespiratoryrate:14-18cyclesperminuteIntercostalspace:narrow,widePalpationPalpationChestexcursionChestexcursionHandsalongcostalHandsalongcostalmarginmarginInspiredeeplyInspiredeeplyObservemovementObservemovementVocalfremitusVocalfremitusplacebothpalmortheplacebothpalmortheunlarsideofthehandsunlarsideofthehandsonthesymmetricalonthesymmetricalpositionwithalightpositionwithalighttouchtouchrepeatword“yi”repeatword“yi”comparevibrationcomparevibrationPleuralfrictionrubsPleuralfrictionrubsBreathedeeply,Breathedeeply,PlacepalmortheulnarsideofPlacepalmortheulnarsideofhandsontheinferioranteriorhandsontheinferioranteriorlateralportionofthechestlateralportionofthechestLiketwopiecesofleatherrubbedLiketwopiecesofleatherrubbedHoldingbreathingHoldingbreathingdisappeareddisappearedPercussionPercussion1.Position1.PositionSitorlie,balancedbody,relaxSitorlie,balancedbody,relaxmuscle,quietandevenbreathingmuscle,quietandevenbreathingAnteriorAnterior：：throwingouthischestthrowingouthischestanteriorlyanteriorlyLateralLateral:armsslightlyabducted:armsslightlyabductedbeyondtheheadbeyondtheheadBackBack:pullingshoulderforward,:pullingshoulderforward,armfoldedinfront,armfoldedinfront,spineanteflexed,spineanteflexed,headlowerheadlower2.Metho...