研究设计研究设计第第1010讲定性研讲定性研究究定量研究定性研究实证研究人文主义科学范式自然范式演绎推理归纳推理理论检验理论建构确定相关关系深入理解社会现象和因果联系统计分析文字描述试验、调查实地研究量表、参与观察、深度访谈问卷、结构观察等客观主观哲学基础研究范式逻辑过程理论模式主要目标分析方法主要方式资料收集技术研究特征研究研究问题问题数据数据分析分析结论结论具体具体(描述性、解释性)(描述性、解释性)真实、客观真实、客观(定量、定性)(定量、定性)讲理讲理(理论验证、理论构(理论验证、理论构建)建)可信、有效可信、有效(统计分析、文本描述)(统计分析、文本描述)研究问题实例可理解输入研究及其对外语教学的启迪心理焦虑对高中学生听力的影响语用学在广告中的作用日常生活中刻意曲解的幽默效应大学生“恶搞现象”的兴起与大众传播媒介的发展母语思维会帮助还是会阻碍我们的二语写作呢?英语专业研究生阶段是否该开设精读英语课程?●Narrativeresearch(叙事研究)●Phenomenology(现象学)●Groundedtheory(扎根理论)●Ethnography(人种论)●Casestudyresearch(个案研究)研究问题FiveapproachestoQualitativeResearches研究问题NARRATIVERESEARCHAsadistinctformofqualitativeresearch,narrativetypicallyfocusesonstudyingasingleperson,gatheringdatathroughthecollectionofstories,reportingindividualexperiences,andpresentingthemeaningofthoseexperiencesfortheindividual.1.Identifyaresearchproblemthatfocusesonlearningorexploringthepersonalorsocialstoriesofanindividual's(orsometimesmorethanoneindividual's)livedexperiences.Theintentofthisstudyisfortheresearchertoprovideadetailedrenderingofthestories.ProceduresUsedinNarrativeResearch2.Selectoneormoreindividualswhohavestoriestotellandspendconsiderabletimegatheringtheirstoriesthroughinterviewsanddocumentsthattheymightprovide.Havetheindividualsrecordtheirstoriesinajournalordiary,orobservetheindividualsandrecordfieldnotes.Collectletterssentbytheindividuals;assemblestoriesabouttheindividualsfromfamilymembers;gatherdocumentssuchasmemosorofficialcorrespondenceabouttheindividual;orobtainphotographs,memoryboxes(collectionofitemsthattriggermemories),andotherpersonal-family-socialartifacts.Recordtheindividuals'lifeexperiences(e.g.,dance,theater,music,film,art,andliterature).ProceduresUsedinNarrativeResearch3.Collecttheirstoriesandthen"restory"themintoasequencethatindicatesachronologyofexperiences.Thischronologywouldincludeadiscussionofthepast,present,andfutureofthecoreideaintheirstory.Ittypicallyincludesrichcontextmaterialsothatthestoryispositionedwithinthesettinginwhichitoccurs.Moreover,inadditiontosimplytellingtheparticipants'story,youmightincludethemesthatarisefromthestorytoprovidearicherdiscussionofthemeaningoftheirstory.ProceduresUsedinNarrativeResearch4.Collaboratewithparticipantsduringthisprocessbyactivelyinvolvingtheminyourresearch.Theymighthelpshapethequestionsthatyouask,searchfordatathatsupporttheirstories,workwithyoutoanalyzetheinformation,andassistinwritingthefinalresearchreport.ProceduresUsedinNarrativeResearch关于教师的叙事研究一、教师叙事研究的特点1.以“质的研究”为方法论。质的研究是以研究者本人作为研究工具,在自然情境下采用多种方法收集资料,对社会现象进行整体性探究,使用归纳法分析资源和形成理论,通过与研究对象互动对其行为和意义建构获得解释性理解的一种活动。叙事研究则是质的研究运用的一种表现形式。对于教师的叙事研究来说,“教育”是土壤,“质的研究”是方法论。质的研究将使教师不仅获得有意义的职业生活,而且会改变教师的存在方式。2.以教师...