余晓岚余晓岚免疫学免疫学ImmunologyImmunology湖北大学生命科学学院生物技术教研室推动现代生命科学前进的三架马车推动现代生命科学前进的三架马车•分子生物学（分子生物学（MolecularBiologyMolecularBiology））•免疫学（免疫学（ImmunologyImmunology））•细胞生物学（细胞生物学（CellBiologyCellBiology））•一、免疫学的简介一、免疫学的简介•二、免疫应答的类型及作用二、免疫应答的类型及作用•三、免疫细胞三、免疫细胞•四、免疫组织与免疫器官四、免疫组织与免疫器官•五、免疫病理与免疫性疾病五、免疫病理与免疫性疾病第一章免疫学的基本内容第一章免疫学的基本内容第一节概述第一节概述免疫（免疫（ImmunityImmunity））::指免除疫病指免除疫病((传染病传染病))及抵抗多种疾病的发生及抵抗多种疾病的发生。。•Distinguishes“self”from“non-self”Distinguishes“self”from“non-self”•DangerHypothesisDangerHypothesis•““Protection”frominfection,tumors,Protection”frominfection,tumors,etc.etc.•AresponsethatmayresultinhostAresponsethatmayresultinhosttissuedamagetissuedamageHostHostDefenseDefenseDefenseDefenseMechanismsMechanismsInnateInnateInbornindependentInbornindependentofpreviousofpreviousexperienceexperienceAcquiredAcquiredNaturallyNaturallyacquiredacquiredActiveActiveAdoptiveAdoptivePassivePassiveActiveActiveAdoptiveAdoptivePassivePassiveafternaturalafternaturalexposuretoaforeignexposuretoaforeignagentagentplacentaltransferplacentaltransferimmunecellsinimmunecellsincolostrumcolostrumArtificiallyArtificiallyacquiredacquiredSpecificSpecificimmunizationimmunizationadministrationofadministrationofpreformedantibodiespreformedantibodiesBonemarrowBonemarrowtransplanttransplantimmunecellsinimmunecellsincolostrumcolostrum宿主体内的免疫系统识别和清除宿主体内的免疫系统识别和清除•免疫系统是由免疫组织和器官、免疫细胞及免疫系统是由免疫组织和器官、免疫细胞及免疫活性分子等组成。免疫活性分子等组成。•免疫细胞对病原体或肿瘤细胞的适当应答，免疫细胞对病原体或肿瘤细胞的适当应答，使之清除。使之清除。•免疫应答过高或过低，均为异常。免疫应答过高或过低，均为异常。第二节免疫应答的类型及作用第二节免疫应答的类型及作用•固有免疫应答（固有免疫应答（inanateimmuneinanateimmuneresponseresponse）皮肤黏膜、局部分泌物质、）皮肤黏膜、局部分泌物质、吞噬细胞、吞噬细胞、NKNK细胞和补体细胞和补体•适应性免疫应答（适应性免疫应答（adaptiveimmuneadaptiveimmuneresponseresponse））TT、、BB细胞细胞TwotypesofTwotypesofimmunityimmunity•Innateimmunity(notantigen-Innateimmunity(notantigen-specific)specific)–AnatomicalbarriersAnatomicalbarriers–MechanicalMechanical–BiochemicalBiochemical•Non-specific(eg.LowpHinstomach)Non-specific(eg.LowpHinstomach)•Receptor-driven(eg.PAMP-recognition)Receptor-driven(eg.PAMP-recognition)•Adaptiveimmunity(antigen-specific)Adaptiveimmunity(antigen-specific)–Receptor-drivenReceptor-driven–Pre-existingclonesprogrammedtoPre-existingclonesprogrammedtomakeaspecificimmuneresponsemakeaspecificimmuneresponse(humoral/cellular)(humoral/cellular)TheproductsoftheimmuneTheproductsoftheimmuneresponsemaybeusedresponsemaybeused•TodiagnosediseaseTodiagnosedisease•TomonitordiseaseprogressTomonitordiseaseprogress•AsreagentsinassaystodetectandAsreagentsinassaystodetectandquantifyothersubstancesquantifyothersubstances一、固有免疫应答一、固有免疫应答•巨噬细胞、巨噬细胞、NKNK细胞——非特异性杀伤细胞——非特异性杀伤•细胞因子（细胞因子（CytokinesCytokines）——导致炎症）——导致炎症细胞渗出——引起炎症细胞渗出——引起炎症二、适应性...
