美国文学-名词解释VIP专享

1美国文学重要名词解释AmericanRomanticism(1)AmericanRomanticismisoneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.(2)Itwasarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism．Forromantics，thefeelings，intuitionsandemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense．Theyemphasizedindividualism，placingtheindividualagainstthegroup．Theyaffirmedtheinnerlifeoftheself,andcherishedstronginterestinthepast，thewild，theremote，themysteriousandthestrange．Theystressedtheelement“Americanness”intheirworks．(3)ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving'sTheSketchBookandendedwithWaltWhitman'sLeavesofGrass．(4)BeingaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature ， itisalsocalled“theAmericanRenaissance．”(5)AmericanRomanticistsincludesuchliteraryfiguresasWashingtonIrving，RalphWaldoEmerson，HenryDavidThoreau，WilliamCullenBryant，HenryWordsworthLongfellow,NathanielHawthorne，EdgarAllenPoe，HermanMelville．WaltWhitmanandsomeothers．Transcendentalism(1) ItreferstothereligiousandphilosophicaldoctrinesofRalphWaldoEmersonandothersinNewEnglandinthemiddle1800's，whichemphasizedtheimportanceofindividualinspirationandintuition，theOver-soul，andNature．OtherconceptsthataccompaniedTranscendentalismincludetheideathatnatureisennoblingandtheideathattheindividualisdivineand ， therefore ， self-reliant．(2) NewEnglandTranscendentalismistheproductofacombinationofnativeAmericanPuritanismandEuropeanRomanticism．3. FreeVerse(1)Freeversemeanstherhymedorunrhymedpoetrycomposedwithoutpayingattentiontoconventionalrulesofmete．r(2)FreeversewasoriginatedbyagroupofFrenchpoetsofthelate19thcentu．ry(3)Theirpurposewastofreethemselvesfromtherestrictionsofformalmetricalpatternsandtorecreateinsteadthefreerhythmsofnaturalspeech．(4) WaltWhitman'sLeavesofGrassis，perhaps，themostnotableexample．24. Symbol(1)Symbolmeansanact，aperson，athing，oraspectaclethatstandsforsomethingelse，usuallysomethinglesspalpablethanthenamedsymbol．(2)Therelationshipbetweenthesymbolanditsreferentisnotoftenoneo...