1美国文学重要名词解释AmericanRomanticism(1)AmericanRomanticismisoneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.(2)Itwasarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitionsandemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.Theyemphasizedindividualism,placingtheindividualagainstthegroup.Theyaffirmedtheinnerlifeoftheself,andcherishedstronginterestinthepast,thewild,theremote,themysteriousandthestrange.Theystressedtheelement“Americanness”intheirworks.(3)ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving'sTheSketchBookandendedwithWaltWhitman'sLeavesofGrass.(4)BeingaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature , itisalsocalled“theAmericanRenaissance.”(5)AmericanRomanticistsincludesuchliteraryfiguresasWashingtonIrving,RalphWaldoEmerson,HenryDavidThoreau,WilliamCullenBryant,HenryWordsworthLongfellow,NathanielHawthorne,EdgarAllenPoe,HermanMelville.WaltWhitmanandsomeothers.Transcendentalism(1) ItreferstothereligiousandphilosophicaldoctrinesofRalphWaldoEmersonandothersinNewEnglandinthemiddle1800's,whichemphasizedtheimportanceofindividualinspirationandintuition,theOver-soul,andNature.OtherconceptsthataccompaniedTranscendentalismincludetheideathatnatureisennoblingandtheideathattheindividualisdivineand , therefore , self-reliant.(2) NewEnglandTranscendentalismistheproductofacombinationofnativeAmericanPuritanismandEuropeanRomanticism.3. FreeVerse(1)Freeversemeanstherhymedorunrhymedpoetrycomposedwithoutpayingattentiontoconventionalrulesofmete.r(2)FreeversewasoriginatedbyagroupofFrenchpoetsofthelate19thcentu.ry(3)Theirpurposewastofreethemselvesfromtherestrictionsofformalmetricalpatternsandtorecreateinsteadthefreerhythmsofnaturalspeech.(4) WaltWhitman'sLeavesofGrassis,perhaps,themostnotableexample.24. Symbol(1)Symbolmeansanact,aperson,athing,oraspectaclethatstandsforsomethingelse,usuallysomethinglesspalpablethanthenamedsymbol.(2)Therelationshipbetweenthesymbolanditsreferentisnotoftenoneo...