论美国的司法审查制度分析研究 法学专业分析研究

摘要美国司法权快速发展的因素有很多，但关键在于美国建立了司法审查权。美国司法审查权的起源也是引起研究学者们各种各样的争议，其中“马伯里诉麦迪逊”案与美国司法审查权紧紧联系在一起，通过对马伯里案件的分析与探讨其意义，对马歇尔法官的审判与贡献的讨论得出，马伯里案的重大意义并不在于它是否首次创立了司法审查权，而在于其成功地将司法审查权以明文的形式在宪法中所确立。马歇尔法官以高超的审判技巧不仅使马伯里案成为美国司法审查制度发展史上的一块里程碑，更使得司法审查权从传统的政治行为中抽离，划分到法律范围内，在法律与政治之间划分出一条明确的界限，在一定程度上提高了司法机关的地位，使司法机关拥有与立法机关和行政机关相抗衡的力量，最高法院明确拥有了司法解释和司法审查这两项职能。马歇尔领导的最高法院激活了宪法文本的生命力，使其不再只是纸上的具体条款，而是真实渗入体现在每一件案件当中，在真正意义上推动了司法审查权的扩张。关键词司法审查权、美国、宪法监督、马伯里案、最高法院AbstractThere are many factors for the rapid development of judicial power in the United States, but the key is that the United States has established the right to judicial review. The origin of the judicialreview power in the United States has also caused various kinds of controversies among research scholars. Among them, the case of “Marbury v. Madison” is closely linked with the right of judicialreview in the United States, through the analysis and discussion of the Marbury case. Meaning, the discussion of Judge Marshall’s trial and contribution concluded that the significance of the Marbury case was not whether it had created the right to judicial review for the first time, but because of its success in the judicial review of the constitution. establish. Judge Marshall's superb trial skills have not only made the Marbury case a milestone in the development of the U.S. judicial reviewsystem, but also removed the right to judicial review from the traditional po...