2015年职称英语考试理工类教材对比题型2015新增文章2014被替换文章第一部分词汇选项无变化无变化第二部分阅读判断无变化无变化第三部分概括大意与完成句子无变化无变化第四部分阅读理解第九篇AnEssentialScientificProcess第九篇EgyptFeledbyFamine第二十二篇Real-WorldRobots第二十二篇Snowflakes第五部分补全短文第九篇LighteningStrikes第九篇HeatIsKiller第五篇ARecord-breakingRover第五篇TheMagicofSound第十三篇AffectionateAndroids第十三篇SleepingGiant第六部分完形填空无变化无变化ﻬ2015年新版职称英语教材新增文章系列之理工类阅读理解第二十二篇ﻫRealWorldRobotsWhenyouthinkofarobot,doyouenvisionashiny,metallicdevicehavingthesamegeneralshapeasahumanbeing,performinghumanlikefunctions,andrespondingtoyourquestionsinamonotonevoiceaccentuatedbyhigh-pitchedtonesandbeeps?Thisisthewaymanyofusimaginearobot,butintherealworld,arobotisnothumanoidatall.Insteadarobotoftenisavoiceless,box-shapedmachinethatefficientlycarriesoutrepetitiveordangerousfunctionsusuallyperformedbyhumans.Today’srobotismorethananautomaticmachinethatperformsonetaskagainandagain.Amodernrobotisprogrammedwithvaryingdegreesofartificialintelligence—thatis,arobotcontainsacomputerprogramthattellsithowtoperformtasksassociatedwithhumanintelligence,suchasreasoning,drawingconclusions,andlearningfrompastexperience.Arobotdoesnotpossessahumanshapeforthesimplereasonthatatwo-leggedrobothasgreatdifficultyremainingbalanced.Arobotdoes,however,movefromplacetoplaceonwheelsandaxlesthatrollandrotate.Arobotevenhaslimbsthatswivelandmoveincombinationwithjointsandmotors.Tofinditswayinitssurroundings1,arobotutilizesvariousbuilt-insensors.Antennaeattachedtotherobot’sbasedetectanythingtheybumpinto.Iftherobotstartstoteeterasitmovesonanincline,agyroscopeorapenduluminsideitsensestheverticaldifferential.Todetermineitsdistancefromanobjectandhowquicklyitwillreachtheobject,therobotbouncesbeamsoflaserlightandultrasonicsoundwavesoffobstructionsinitspath2.Theseandothersensorsconsta1ntlyfeedinformationtothecomputer,whichthenanalyzestheinformationandcorrectsoradjuststherobot’sactions.Asscienceandtechnologyadvance,therobottoowillprogressinitsfunctionsanduseofartificial-intelligenceprograms.【词汇】envisionv.想象,预想devicen.装置accentuatev.强调,重读ﻫartificialintelligencen.人工智能ﻫlimbn.臂antennaen.天线ﻫinclinev.倾斜ﻫpendulumn.钟摆ultrasonicadj.超声的metallicadj.金属的ﻫmonotonen.单调的ﻫhumanoidadj.像人的ﻫaxlen.轮轴rotatev.旋转ﻫswiveln.旋转ﻫteeterv.摇晃gyroscopen.陀螺仪,回转仪verticaln.直立的【注释】1.Tofinditswayinitssurroundings...:为了在周围找到路……ﻫ2.therobotbouncesbeamsoflaserlightandultrasonicsoundwavesoffobstructionsinitspath:机器人发射激光束和超声波,反射到障碍物上(以此来探知路径)。【练习】1.AnothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbeARobots:TakingthePlaceofHumans.ﻫBArtificialIntelligencePrograms.CToday’sR...