精品文档---下载后可任意编辑中考英语语法(名词篇)语法总述:词类、句子成分和构词法:1、词类: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, ball, class, orange, clock, 合成名词:8-year-olds, groun-ups, passers-by, e-mail, 2、代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange, ugly, sweet, far, 合成形容词:8-year-old, hard-working, 4、数词(num.): 表示数量或事物的顺序。基数词:one, two, three, hundred, 序数词:first, second, third, 量词:a piece of, two bottles of, three basket of, four bowls of, five cups of, six pairs of,5、动词(v.): 表示动作或状态。系词:am, is,are,半系词:look, sound, feel, get, become, keep, stay, taste, smell, turn, 精品文档---下载后可任意编辑实意动词:have, see , think, beat, walk,助动词:辅助动词构成否定、疑问等语气,辅助东西构成时态语态等。如:be, do, does, did, will, can, should, may,6、副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, here, often, quietly, slowly, home, upstairs, hard, very, really, 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the.8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如 in, on, at, from, above, under, behind, with, without, to,短语介词:next to, in front of, at the age of, 9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如 and, or, before, when, while, after, as soon as, if, unless, until, because, so, though, but, even if, even though, as if, 10、感叹词(interj..):表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello2、句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room ev...