12 月英语四级选词填空模拟考题（2） .12 英语四级篇章词汇阅读篇（2） 篇章词汇题型的特点 篇章词汇 （ Banked Cloze ）考一篇长度为 220 个单词左右的文章，在文章当中去除了 10 个单词，背面由 15 个单词选项，规定考生选择对的的单词填入文章。这种题型的测试重点在于把握文章的构造，重要考察考生对诸如连贯性，一致性，逻辑联络等语篇，语段整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解，即规定考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观构造和详细细化到每个单词的微观理解。 篇章词汇 VS 完形填空 应当说，篇章词汇是完形填空的一种形式。完形填空的测试面更宽泛，波及连词，介词等更多的语法知识，而篇章词汇的考察项都是实词（动词，名词，形容词，副词）。篇章词汇更侧重于从篇章层面考察对单词的理解和应用。此外一种较为明显的区别就是，篇章词汇是集合式选项，所有的选项都集中在一起；而完形填空是分组式选项，各道题目的选项互不干扰。 篇章词汇 VS 词汇题 篇章词汇与本来的老题型词汇题相比，更重视对词汇的实际运用的考察，从单一的一句话考察上升到篇章的理解。 Passage 2 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激 ) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of...
