直接引语和间接引语及练习及答案

1 直 接 引 语 和间接 引 语 直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话用引号，而间接引语是引述别人的话，不用引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语改为间接引语时，如果直接引语的动词是现在时，那么间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式都不变。例如： She says, “ I’ll never forget the moment.” 变为间接引语为: She says that she’ll never forget the moment. 但是如果直接引语的动词为过去时，那么间接引语中的动词、时间状语、时态、地点状语、人称等一般要作相应的变化。遵循下列规律： 一、三要素： 我们想要很好地掌握直接引语变间接引语这一语法项目的话，关键要掌握下列“三要素”。 要素一： 陈述句的直接引语变间接引语：连接词用that，在口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told等。例如： He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.” He told me that he had left his book in his room. She said: “He will be busy.” She said that he would be busy. 要素二： 1、疑问句的直接引语变间接引语。一般疑问句后连接词用if 或 whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him 等，例如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” She asked me whether that book was mine or his. 2、特殊疑问句的直接引语变间接引语，用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如： The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. 要素三： 祈使句的直接引语变间接引语，要采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。 即 told /asked/ ordered/ warned +sb. (not) ＋to do sth. 注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语，引语中的please 去掉，动词改为 ask The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” The teacher told the students not to waste their time. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” The mother asked Tom to get up early. 二、“五不变” 直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意以下五种不变的特殊情况。 1、直接引语...