水利水电工程专业英语——水工结构篇

水利水电工程专业英语—-水工结构篇1. Planning Approach and its Physical Factors1。规划方法和物理因素Dams are one of the groups of important civil engineering work constructed by man for his physical, economic ， and environmental betterment 。 This list also includes waterways, highways, bridges, pipelines， electrical transmission lines, dikes and levees， railroads, tunnels, jetties， breakwaters， docks, irrigation structures, recreational lakes， and others.大坝是重要的土建工程组之一，由人们以改善其物质、经济和环境的目的而建设。其中还包括航道、公路、桥梁、管道、输电线路、堤坝和防洪堤、铁路、隧道、导流堤、防波堤、码头、灌溉建筑物、旅游湖泊，等等。In almost every water project plan or situation one or more dams are important elements of a project plan。 However， it is seldom that the dam is the sole or only facility。 In a flood control plan, a dam and reservoir may be the only project works ， but it is more likely accompanied advantageously with levees and other channel control works。 In water supply—irrigation， municipal， industrial， and domestic—and in power generation, dams are one of a combination of project features needed to accomplish the desired project。 In such cases， the dam cannot be justified independently of the other project facilities. To be economically, financially, socially, and environmentally justified it must be evaluated jointly with the group combination of project features and the total plan evaluated and judged as to its merit. Planning for a dam is one part of the planning process for the total project objective。 The location, size， and design of a dam will be influenced ， and often controlled ， by the selection of the attainable and best warranted overall project plan.Physical factors of plan ...