嗜常温的Mesophilic生源说Biogenesis氢hydrogen需氧的Aerobic疫苗vaccine碳carbon厌氧的Anaerobic培育cultivation氮nitrogen内生孢子Endospore无菌的aseptic氧oxygen耐高渗Halotolerant毒力virulence氯chlorine病原微生物pathogen稀释attenuation钠sodium肠道的entero消毒sterilization分裂fissionDNADeoxyribonucleic acidRNARibonucleic acid硫酸Sulfuric acidTCATricarboxylic acidPCRPolymerase chain reactioncfuColony forming unit黑曲霉Aspergillus niger沙门氏菌Salmonella typhi大肠杆菌Escherichia coli巴氏杀菌pesteurizationHIVhuman immunodeficiency virus革兰氏阳/阴性Gram positive/negative试管Tube烧杯Beaker鞭毛flagella漏斗Funnel属genus纤毛pili培育皿Petri dishes命名法nomenclature荚膜capsule移液枪Pipette球菌coccus细胞膜plasma membrane枪头Tip链球菌streptoccus原生质体cytoplasm微生物Microbe(s)杆菌bacillus细胞壁cell wallMicroorganism弧菌vibrio染色体chromosome肉眼Unaided eye螺旋杆菌spirillum核糖体ribosome生态系统ecosystem新陈代谢metabolism叶绿体chloroplast光合作用photosynthesis分解代谢catabolism青霉菌penicillium发酵ferment(ation)遗传学genetics青霉素penicillin纤维素酶cellulose繁殖reproduction益生菌probiotic胰岛素insulin制造业manufacture益生元prebiotic糖尿病diabete(s)促进facilitate抗生素antibiotic极性共价键polar bond共价键covalent bond离子键ionic bond氢键hydrogen bond原子atom底物substrate色素(photo)pigment电子electron延长、拉长elongate染色stain原子核nucleus完全相同的identical瘫痪paralysis复制、折叠replicate外显子exon杂交hybridization藻类algae内含子intron合成synthetic流行病学epidemiology终止子terminatorsynthesis生物降解bioremediation启动子promoter同时地simultaneously防腐剂preservative转录transcription噬菌体bacteriophage洗涤剂detergent翻译translation颗粒particleGMFgenetically modified food反转录 PCRreverse transcriptase PCR最适条件optimal condition实时定量 PCRRealtime PCR性状traitRNA 剪切RNA slicing核酸nucleic acid遗传学heredity/genetic糖主链sugar backbone育种breeding遗传inheritance密码子codon固氮fix nitrogen相互作用interaction三联密码子triplet酿brewing核苷酸碱基n...