嗜常温的Mesophilic生源说Biogenesis氢hydrogen需氧的Aerobic疫苗vaccine碳carbon厌氧的Anaerobic培育cultivation氮nitrogen内生孢子Endospore无菌的aseptic氧oxygen耐高渗Halotolerant毒力virulence氯chlorine病原微生物pathogen稀释attenuation钠sodium肠道的entero消毒sterilization分裂fissionDNADeoxyribonucleic acidRNARibonucleic acid硫酸Sulfuric acidTCATricarboxylic acidPCRPolymerase chain reactioncfuColony forming unit黑曲霉Aspergillus niger沙门氏菌Salmonella typhi大肠杆菌Escherichia coli巴氏杀菌pesteurizationHIVhuman immunodeficiency virus革兰氏阳/阴性Gram positive/negative试管Tube烧杯Beaker鞭毛flagella漏斗Funnel属genus纤毛pili培育皿Petri dishes命名法nomenclature荚膜capsule移液枪Pipette球菌coccus细胞膜plasma membrane枪头Tip链球菌streptoccus原生质体cytoplasm微生物Microbe(s)杆菌bacillus细胞壁cell wallMicroorganism弧菌vibrio染色体chromosome肉眼Unaided eye螺旋杆菌spirillum核糖体ribosome生态系统ecosystem新陈代谢metabolism叶绿体chloroplast光合作用phot