中国人对辽代建筑的研究

中国人对辽代建筑的讨论Past Research on the Architecture of the Liao Dynasty: from the Institute for Research in Chinese Architecture to Present北京大学考古文博学院 陈莘 School of Archaeology and Museum Studies, Peking University Chen Xin摘要/Abstract辽代建筑遗存无论在规模、等级、数量和保存质量上均构成中古时期古代建筑遗存中最重要的部分。从中国营造学社调查辽代建筑开始，中国建筑史进入了科学讨论阶段。中国营造学社在调查辽代建筑的过程中开创、积累、明确了一整套讨论古建筑的科学的讨论方法，奠定了此后中国建筑历史讨论方法的基石。本文是对从中国营造学社至今的中国人对辽代建筑的学术讨论历史的总结，对他们的讨论对象、讨论方法、讨论成果、文物保护成果作了回顾。The remains of architecture in the Liao Dynasty (907-1125 CE) have formed an important part of the architectural remains from mediaeval China on all aspects of scale, grade, quantity and quality of preservation. Ever since the Institute for Research in Chinese Architecture (IRCA) began to survey Liao architecture in 1932, the history of Chinese architecture has entered the phase of scientific research. IRCA created, accumulated, and defined a full set of scientific methods for studying ancient architecture, which set the foundation for later research methods of Chinese history of architecture. This paper summarizes Chinese academic researches on the subject of Liao architecture beginning from IRCA till now, and reviews their research targets, methods, results, and archeological preservation in retrospect.一、辽代建筑的分布辽代建筑分布在今东北（黑龙江、吉林、辽宁）、内蒙古、河北北部、北京、天津北部、山西北部等地。这是由辽（契丹）的历史决定的。契丹原为居于东北辽河上游一带的游牧民族。耶律阿保机统一本族八部，于公元 907 年建契丹国，公元 916 年始建年号“神册”。神册三年（公元 918年）太祖耶律阿保机治城临潢（今内蒙古巴林左旗），名曰皇都。初，数侵燕蓟等地，俘虏汉人北迁建立“头下州县”...