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I目录第一篇法律常识···································································1第二篇科技常识···································································1第一章科技史·····································································1第二章基础科学···································································2第三章高新技术···································································2第三篇党史知识···································································3第四篇人文历史常识·····························································3第一章中国历史···································································3第一节中国古代史······································································3第二节中国近代史······································································4第三章中国古代科技文化常识·················································4第五篇地理常识···································································51【试题演练】第一篇法律常识1.【答案】D。解析：《行政诉讼法》第13条规定：“人民法院不受理公民、法人或者其他组织对下列事项提起的诉讼：（1）国防、外交等国家行为；（2）行政法规、规章或者行政机关制定、发布的具有普遍约束力的决定、命令；（3）行政机关对行政机关工作人员的奖惩、任免等决定；（4）法律规定由行政机关最终裁决的行政行为。”故本题答案为D。2.【答案】C。解析：《民法典》第19条规定：“八周岁以上的未成年人为限制民事行为能力人，实施民事法律行为由其法定代理人代理或者经其法定代理人同意、追认，但是可以独立实施纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其年龄、智力相适应的民事法律行为。”可知，AB均属于纯获利益的民事法律行为，D属于与其年龄相适应的民事法律行为，都是有效的。C项按照一般观念，8岁的未成年人处分400元超出了其能力范围，属于效力待定的民事法律行为，须等待其法定代理人的追认。故本题答案为C。第二篇科技常识第一章科技史【试题演练】1.【答案】D。解析：《自然哲学的数学原理》是英国物理学家艾萨克·牛顿创作的物理学哲学著作，1687年首次出版。牛顿一生最大的贡献是发现了牛顿三大定律以及万有引力定律，发现了物体的运动规律。相对论是关于时空和引力的理论，主要由爱因斯坦创立，依其研究对象的不同可分为狭义相对论和广义相对论。故本题答案为D。2.【答案】D。解析：①南优2号是1974年袁隆平培育成功的籼型三系杂交水稻。②中国自行制造的第一颗原子弹于1964年10月16日在新疆罗布泊爆炸成功。③神舟五号于2003年10月15日在酒泉卫星发射中心发射，将航天员杨利伟及一面具有特殊2意义的中国国旗送入太空。④第一颗人造地球卫星“东方红一号”于1970年4月24日21时35分发射。故排序为②④①③。故本题答案为D。第二章基础科学【试题演练】1.【答案】D。解析：人在太阳光的照射下，会感到全身热乎乎的，是因为太阳的能量...