关联词 whoever &who 与 what &that 引导的主语从句的区别1. who 与 whoeverwho 和 whoever 都可以引导主语从句，只能置于句首，不能用形式主语 it 代替。它们也都有"谁"的含义， 但能否互相替代呢？请观察 下列句子并选择正确选项： (A) ________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. No matter who (B) ________ will give us a talk is unknown to us all. A. Whoever B. Who C. Anyone D. No matter who 句(A) 的正确选项为 C。whoever 的含义是：the person who... 或 anyone who... [无论（不管）是谁]，前者特指，后者泛指。句（A）的意思是：无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。又如： Whoever (Anyone who) breaks the law should be punished. 不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。 Whoever (The person who) told you it was lying.无论谁告诉你的都是说谎。 句（B）的正确选项为 B。who 虽然也可以引导主语从句，但它常保留本身疑问的含义，即"谁"。句（B）的意思为：对我们大家来说，谁给我们讲话还不知道。又如： Who will go with us has not yet been decided. 谁和我们一起去还没决定。 Who will be sent abroad is unknown.还不知道谁将被派往国外。 2. what 与 that what 和 that 都可以引导主语从句，都可以置于句首，但 that 引导的主语从句可以用形式主语 it 代替，而 what 引导的主语从句则不能。除此之外，它们都可以互相替代吗？请观察下列句子并选择正确选项： (A) ________ the moon travels round the earth once every month is known to everyone. A. It B. What C. That D. As (B) ________ we need is more time. A. It B. What C. That D. As 句(A) 的正确选项为 C。that 引导主语从句时，在主语从句中无任何意义，也不充当任何成分，只是起连接作用，通常不省略。又如： That she was chosen makes us very happy.→ It makes us very happy that she was chosen. 她被选上使我们很高兴。That he would take the risk is true.→ It is true that he woul d take the risk. 他会冒险是真的。句（B）的正确选项为 B。what 引导主语从句时, 在主语从句中充当一定的句子成分，可作主语、宾语、表语，通常不能省略。又如： What we can't get seems better than what we have. 我们无法得到的（东西）似乎比我们所得到的（东西）更好。 What surprised me most was that she came to see me that day. 使我最惊讶的是那天她来看我。
