土力学室内实验指导书高凌霞王秀伟编写土木建筑工程学院综合实验中心试验须知1.试验前要认真阅读试验指导书，明确所作实验的目的、要求和注意事项。2.必须遵守实验室规章制度，遵守课堂纪律保持安静。3.试验课必须专心听讲，服从指导教师的安排和指导，按照操作归程认真操作，正确读数，细心观察，认真记录，不得草率敷衍，拼凑数据。4.试验报告必须独立完成，不得抄袭别人的数据。5.爱护仪器设备，不准动用与本次试验无关的仪器设备。如发生仪器设备损坏要及时向指导教师报告，属责任事故的，按有关规定赔偿。6.试验完毕后做好整理工作，将试剂、材料、工具和仪器放回原处，洗刷器皿，清扫试验场地，切断电源、水源、气源，经指导教师检查合格后方可离开。目录一颗粒分析试验··········································································1二密度试验（环刀法）································································10三含水量试验···········································································12四比重试验··············································································14五界限含水量试验（液塑限联合测定法）·········································17六压缩试验（杠杆式压缩仪法）····················································20七直接剪切试验········································································24八三轴剪切试验········································································27九击实试验··············································································31一颗粒分析试验颗粒分析就是用试验的方法求出小于某种粒径的颗粒所占土质量的百分数。一、试验目的通过颗粒组分分析可以了解土中颗粒大小的分配情况，并能为土的分类及概略判断其工程地质性质、建材选料提供所需的材料。二、试验方法颗粒分析试验可分为筛析法和密度计法，对于粒径大于0.075mm的土粒可用筛析法测定，而对于粒径小于0.075mm的土粒则用密度计法来测定。筛析法是将土样通过各种不同孔径的筛子，并按筛子孔径的大小将颗粒加以分组，然后再称量并计算出各个粒组占总量的百分数。1筛析法（一）仪器设备（1）标准筛一套：孔径分别为5mm、2mm、1mm、0.5mm、0.25mm、0.075mm；（2）普通天平：感量0.1g，称量500g；（3）振筛机：筛析过程中能上下震动；（4）其他：磁钵及橡皮头研棒、毛刷、白纸、尺等。（二）操作步骤1.用研棒轻轻碾压风干土，使之分散成单粒，用四分对角法取出代表性的试样，取样数量见表1–1。2.将试样过孔径为2mm的筛，分别称出筛上和筛下土粒的质量。3.取2mm筛上试样倒入依次叠好的粗筛的最上层筛中；取2mm筛下试样倒入依次叠好的最上层筛中，进行筛析。细筛宜放在振筛机上震摇，震摇时间一般为10～15min。4.由最大孔径筛开始，顺序将各筛取下，在白纸上用手轻叩摇晃，如仍有土粒漏下，表1-1筛析法取样数量颗粒尺寸（mm）取样数量（g）＜2100～3002～10300～100010～201000～200020～402000～4000＞404000以上应继续轻叩摇晃，至无土粒漏下为止。漏下的土粒应全部放入下级筛内。并将留在各筛上的试样分别称量，准确至0.1g。5.各细筛上及底盘内土质量总和与筛前所取2mm筛下土质量之差不得大于1%；各粗筛...
