Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas1．initial adj.开始的，最初的→ initially adv.最初，首先；开头→initiative n．首创精神；倡议2．confirm v．证实，证明 →confirmation n．确认；证实；证明3．crowd n．人群→ crowded adj.拥挤的；塞满的4．attempt n．努力，尝试 vt.企图，试图；尝试→attempted adj.企图的；未遂的5．fail v．失败→failure n．失败 6．psychology n．心理学→psychologist n．心理学家1．up to 达到(某数量、程度等)；直到；能胜任；正在干……，从事着(尤指坏事)①I can take up to four people in my car.多达②I don't feel up to the task.胜任③Up to yesterday，I thought he was single.直到④It's up to you to decide whether to go or to stay.由……决定2．figure out 想出， 理解； 弄明白， 看透；计算出①I can't figure out what he was hinting at.看透②Please figure out the total cost.计算出③Could you help me figure out this problem? 解决④I didn't figure out how to do it.想出⑤I simply couldn't figure out his intention.弄明白Words And Phrases知识要点 1 thus adv.因此，从而( 教 材 P49) Christopher Columbus(1451 － 1506)was an Italian explorer who completed journeys between Spain and the Americas，thus marking the beginning of European exploration of the Americas.克里斯托弗·哥伦布(1451－1506)是一位意大利探险家，他完成了西班牙和美洲之间的旅程，从而标志着欧洲探索美洲的开始。[例 1] The universities have expanded，thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.大学扩招了，这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育。[例 2] We do not own the building.Thus，it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.我们不是这栋楼房的房主，因此不能对它进行大改动。[造句] 老年人常常想方设法省钱吃饭，结果损害了他们的健康。Old people often try to save money to eat ， thus endang ering their health. [知识拓展]therefore adv. 因此；所以so conj. 因此，所以1as a result 结果；因此[即学即练] 单...
