UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLDSection Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures定语从句1．关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词包括 when, where, why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。其具体用法见下表：关系副词先行词在从句中所作的成分when表示时间时间状语where表示地点地点状语why表示原因原因状语I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Beijing.我仍然记得我第一次来到北京的那一天。The factory where/in which his father works is in the west of the city.他爸爸工作的那个工厂在城市的西边。The reason why/for which he was late was that he missed the bus.他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。[特别提示]在比较正式的用法中，可以用“介词＋which”代替关系副词 when, where, why。2．关系代词与关系副词的选用定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词取决于定语从句缺少的句子成分。如果从句缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语则用关系代词；如果从句缺少状语则用关系副词。This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work 是不及物动词，无需有宾语，从句缺状语)This is the factory that/which I visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit 是及物动词，后边缺少宾语)They planted some trees which didn't need much water.他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。(从句缺主语)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?这就是举办展览的那座博物馆吗？(被动语态形式的从句不缺主语、宾语和定语，缺状语)3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用 which 或whom。(1)该结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。Is this the car for which you paid a high price?这就是你高价买的汽车吗？(根据从句中谓语动词 pay 的搭配确定)This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)This is the pilot with whom my father has worked for ten years.这就是和我爸爸...
