高中英语 虚拟语气用法小结

虚拟语气用法小结白杨林河南省社旗县第二高级中学虚拟语气表示说话人所说的事或话不是事实，而是一种假设，愿望，怀疑或推测。它主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句中。一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：虚拟语气常用在条件句中，表假设的情况与事实相反或不太可能实现，这种句子称为虚拟条件句。可分为下列几种情况：（一）由 if 引导虚拟条件句。如：If I were you,I should study hard.如:If you had come here,you could have met my brother.这种句子的谓语动词一般分三种情况：1、假设的条件与现在的事实相反，主从句的谓语动词应为：If 主+动词过去式或 were…，主+would/should/could/might+V、（原形）（主句中should 一般只用于第 1 人称）。如：If it were not for the smowy weather ,we would be all right.例 1、If I you,I would go with him to the party.A、was B 、were C、had been D、will be析：该句为 if 引导的条件句，从主语谓语看“would go”（是与现在事实相反），套用上边句型，从句谓语应为动词过去式，若是 be 动词应为 were，所以该题答案应为 B。2、假设的条件与过去事实相反，其句子结构应为：If+主+had done…，主+would/could/should/might+have done…例 2、 more careful,his ship would not have sunk.A、If the captain were B 、Had the captain beenC、Should the captain be D、If the captain would have been析：该题题干部分有一谓语动词为 would not have sunk，由此可知是对过去事情的虚拟，便可推出从句的谓语动词应为 had done 形式，再看选项，含有 had done 的只有 B，该题正确答案即是 B。（当 if 引导的虚拟条件中有were,had,should 时，可省略 if，把 were,had,should 提到主语之前）。3、与将来的事实相反或对将来的推测从句动词用动词过去式或 were to+v（原）或 should+v（原），主句用would/should/could/might+v（原）如：If there were to be meeting this tvening,I would come.如果今晚没有会议的话，我就来。例 3、If it tomorrow,we would have to put off the sport meet.A、were rain B、should rain C、would rain D、will rain析：根据语境中的 tomorrow，可知是表将来的条件句谓语可用 did/werre to/should do，主句用 woul...