语法·剖析分词的概念分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,主要起形容词和副词的作用,可以作定语、表语或是状语等。分词有两种,一种是现在分词,一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同,主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词一般有被动和完成两大特征。过去分词的定语和表语功能定语表“完成”或“被动”boiled water 开水 fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳 selected apples 精选苹果spoken English 英语口语 iced beer 冰镇啤酒cooked food 熟食 fried chips 炸土豆条单个的过去分词作定语时,一般放在被修饰词语之前(如上例),也可以放在所修饰词语的后面。Hurry up,there is only a little time left.快点,时间不多了。If you wish everything changed,please say so.你如果希望改变一切,请说明。过去分词短语作定语时,须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后,功能相当于一个定语从句。Near the window,there is a bookshelf filledwith many books(=which is filled with many books).靠近窗户,有一个装满书的书架。Her daughter,brought up by me(=who was broughtup by me)has begun to work now.由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。表语当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态或思想感情等。When we heard of it,we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示被动的动作。My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)On the earth , 70% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面 70%是被水覆盖的。(状态)I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.敲门声使我大为吃惊。(动作)用心 爱心 专心1