英语词法专题讲座九：时态及语态一．被动语态的时态：1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am /is/ are +动词的过去分词2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was /were +动词的过去分词3. 一般将来时的被动语态：will be +动词的过去分词4. 现在进行时的被动语态：am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词5. 现在完成时的被动语态：have /has +been +动词的过去分词6. 情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词二．主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变 be done , 时不变，数格必须随被变。备注：1. 主动、被动的时态要一致。2. 主动、被动的句式要一致。3. 变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。三．特殊情况的被动语态：1. 带双宾语的被动语态：动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。1). give/pass /show 与介词 to 搭配。 give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb . 2). buy/make/cook 与介词 for 搭配。 buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb He gave me a book I ______ ______ a book by him. A book ____ ____ _____ me by him .My mother made me a cake . I ____ _____ a cake by my mother A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother .2. 带省 to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to 来 to 去记心怀，主动语态 to 离去，被动语态 to 回来。动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sth The boss made the workers work all day The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the boss.3. 在 see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时，doing 不变。I heard Tom singing just now Tom _____ _____ _____ by me just now .4. 以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old . The old should ______ _____ _____ _____ .四．注意事项：1. 有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态： last, have, own …..belong to, suit…fine,2. 不及物动词是没有被动语态： happen, take place, appear, hold (容纳)3. 系动词是没有被动语态： Look, feel, sound, smell, taste ….The dish tastes good .4. 有些词组没有被动语态：sell well, write well, ride well, drive well This kind of skirt sells well.5. need 表示需要时，后面常接 doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于 to be done .All the computers need repairing.=All the computers need _____ _____ _____ .6. 在 too…to…及 enough to …结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to solve.
