农地制度与合约选择提要：本文论述了农地合约的四种形式：固定地租合约、固定工资合约、分成合约和自耕农，指出新古典生产函数的缺陷，在交易费用为正的约束下，产权及其所属权利不能够被完全地界定，也正因为如此，在土地和劳动属性不同的情况下，所选择的不同土地合约是有效率的，当土地和劳动的属性变化的时候，合约的选择也随之变化。本文由农地合约进而推广至一般合约，得出两个结论：1. 合约的存在依赖于产权的可分割性和可交易性。产权的这一特性导致了权利的不同组合，从而导致了可供选择的众多的合约安排。2.合约的选择依赖于交易成本的大小。每一种合约安排，因交易成本不相同，而合约的选择也不同。 关键词：产权 合约 交易费用 Farmland System and Contract Choice Abstract: This paper is concerned with the four forms of farmland contracts: fixed rent contract, fixed wage contract, shared contract and yeoman. The weakness of the neo-classical production function is pointed out. Property right and its rights cannot be clarified completely under the condition of positive transaction cost. As a result, it is efficient to choose different land contracts due to the different nature of land and labor. Contract choice changes with the change of nature of land and labor. The paper generalizes the two conclusions in land contract to general contract. First, the existence of contract depends on the dividable and transactional nature of property right, which results in the different combinations of rights. Therefore, different contract arrangements are ready to be chosen. Second, the choice of contract depends on transaction cost. The contract choice is different due to different transaction cost. Key words: Property Right, Contract, Transaction Cost 一、 引 言 地主和农民不同的权利交换构成了各种土地和生产的合约安排，历史上流传最早也是最广的合约形式是固定工资合约、分成合约和固定地租合约。这些合约因可交换的权利和属性不同又可以演变为众多的合约形式：永佃制、铁...
