高一英语学案Units 19-20 (B1)【知识网络】一、重点词汇与短语1．effect 的用法小结：（1）常用来表示“结果”的意思。例如：Effects presuppose causes.一种结果必然会有其原因。One of the side effects of this drug is the easiness of habit-forming.这种药的副作用之一就是容易上瘾。（2）常用短语：①in effect：正在实行；实际上The old system is still in effect. 旧制度仍有效。He is, in effect, my rival. 实际上他是我的竞争对手。②take effect：开始；实行；开始生效The medicine quickly took effect. 药很快见效了。The contract has taken effect since October 1. 本合同从十月一日起已经生效。③to... effect：大意是…。注意：此处的 to 为介词，它与 effect 之间经常有一个表示程度的词。例如：He called me a fool, or words to that effect. 他叫我呆子或诸如此类的话。④have effect(s) on/upon sb./sth.：对某人某物有影响。 have no/good/bad… effect on/upon sb./sth.：对某人某物没有/有好的/坏的…影响。例如：Alcoholic drink can have a bad effect on your body.含酒精的饮料会对你身体有很坏的影响。The medicine had no effect on him. 这种药对他没有什么作用。（3）effect: 作为动词，它经常用作及物动词，意思是“实现”。例如：The reform was effected. 改革实现了。The new minister hopes to effect changes in the government's policy.这位新部长希望改变政府的政策。The new manager effected several changes in the company.新来的经理在公司里促成了好几次改革。2． certain 的用法小结：（1）certain 常用作形容词，意思是：“确实的；无疑的；可靠的，一定会的。”例如：用心 爱心 专心The evidence is certain and the facts are clear. 证据确凿,事实清楚。I am certain he told me to come at two o'clock. 我肯定他告诉我两点来。There's no certain cure for this illness at present. 现在这种病尚无确实可靠的疗法。I'm certain she saw me. 我确信她看到我了。We are certain of victory. 我们一定会获得胜利。Are you certain that you'll get there in time? 你有把握及时赶到那里吗?（2）certain：指“某个人...
