Unit3LifeinthefutureⅠ.阅读理解AWhydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandardexplanations:keepingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexercise,etc.Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity?Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveandlessneurotic(神经质的)thanotherpeople.Longerlivingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory:thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreselfdisciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also,beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife,whichmightexplainallthosebadtemperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife,youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.Unfortunately,anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother'spersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe'readults,whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.Personalityisn'tdestiny,andeveryoneknowsthatindividualscanlearntochange.Butbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisn'tjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.语篇导读本文为说明文，阐述了影响长寿的因素。1．Accordingtotheauthor,outgoingandsympatheticpeople________.A．haveagoodunderstandingofevolutionB．areprobablymoreactiveandneuroticC．aremorelikelytorecoverfromhardshipD．generallyappearmoreresourceful解析C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，那些喜欢交朋友并且喜欢帮助他人的人能够收集到足够的资源，度过艰难时期，故选C项。2．Whatfindingofthestudymightbeoutofourexpectation?A．Helpfulpeoplecanlivearelativelylonglife.B．Beingselfdisciplinemakesnodifferencetolongevity.C．Readinesstoacceptnewideasoffersmorepossibilitiestoenjoylongevity.D．Personalitycharacteristicsthatproveadvantageousactuallyvarywithtimes.解析B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，那些自律的人，并没有更大的可能性能够长寿，故选B项。3．WhatdoestherecentstudyofNorwegianmothersshow?A．Mothers'anxietymayaffecttheirchildren'slifespans.B．Peoplewithunhealthyeatinghabitsarelikelytodieatayoungage.C．Mothersmayhavealongerinfluenceonchildrenthanfathers.D．Children'spersonalitycharacteristicsarealwaysshapedbytheirmothers.解析A推理判断题。第五段主要通过一项针对近28000名挪威母亲的研究阐述了母亲的性格特征对人的影响，即母亲越焦虑、沮丧和愤怒，就越可能喂给孩子不健康的饮食孩子由此形成的不良饮食习惯会一直延续到成年之后的生活，这种根深蒂固的不良饮食习惯使得人短寿，故选A项。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthefindingsofthetwonewstudies?A．Anxietyanddepressionmoreoftenthannotcutshortone'slifespan.B．Aperson'slifestyleislargelyrelatedtohisorherhealth.C．Personalityplaysadecisiveandsignificantroleinhowhealthyoneis.D．Amixtureofmentalandphysi...
