AbstractMing and Qing dynasty was the peak of Feudal Society. Politics, economy, and culture were in the leading position of the world,but the “Literary Inquisition” which the Chinese Scholars shunned also reached its summit. “Literary Inquisition” had appeared in ancient Chinese history,while in Ming and Qing dynasty it was known for its long time and wide spread.This article takes the Ming and Qing Dynasty’s “Literary Inquisition” as the background, and then analysises from the main body, the program and prominent feature. Finally this paper pay attention to the core reason of the “Literary Inquisition" and its enlightenment to the society.Key words: The Feudal Society;Literary Inquisition;Revolution of Zhe Mind试论明清两代的“文字狱”在人类社会的进展中,总会出现人因言论而获罪的事例。他们之中有的用犀利的言辞抨击时政弊端,有的用语言描绘理想世界,有的甚至因统治阶级的猜忌而被强加定罪。等待他们的不外乎是牢狱之灾,抑或杀身之祸。抵抗言论对于统治阶级的威胁,甚至超过了暴力反叛。随着社会的进步,各国政府对于言论抱有极大的宽容,主张民主与法治,给予国民言论自由。但我们仍有必要对言论犯罪加以讨论,以便更好地保障公民权益与自由,更好地推动社会的进展。中国古代因言论而被定罪盛行于明清两代,是统治阶级维护封建统治的重要手段。封建国家建国初期,统治阶级采纳各种手段来证明自己政权的合法性。通过对抵抗性的社会变革思想进行残酷镇压,来为新生的统治政权制造稳定的社会条件和正当的理论基础。本文从政权的合法性入手,结合国家政权、社会变迁的范例,揭示明清两代统治阶级发动多宗大型“文字狱”的原因并探究其根源,以更好把握我国封建社会的特点,并期待在此基础上获得相关启示。一、明清两代“文字狱”的产生背景“文字狱”事件在中国封建社会的历朝历代都曾出现,但明清两代“文字狱”的打击和波及范围都是史无前例的。这不仅仅因为明清两代是封建社会君主专制的顶峰时期,更深层的原因是其独特的时代背景。由明至清的朝代更替正是处于中国最早的资本主义萌芽时期,大量寻求变革的思想涌现。当知识分子开始用文字的方式威...