摘要本设计是某叉车变速箱箱体零件的加工工艺规程及变速箱检修及常见故障诊断。某叉车变速箱箱体零件的主要加工表面是平面及孔系。一般来说，保证平面的加工精度要比保证孔系的加工精度容易。因此，本设计遵循先面后孔的原则。并将孔与平面的加工明确划分成粗加工和精加工阶段以保证孔系加工精度。粗基准选择顶面和两个输出轴孔为粗基准，以底面与两个定位销作为精基准。主要加工工序安排是先以支承孔系定位加工出顶平面，再以顶平面与支承孔系定位加工出工艺孔。在后续工序中除个别工序外均用顶平面和工艺孔定位加工其他孔系与平面。整个加工过程均选用组合机床。因此生产效率较高。适用于大批量、流水线上加工，能够满足设计要求。叉车在使用的过程中，随着行驶里程的增多和作业时间的增加，变速器工作时不停地换挡，使变速器内的齿轮和操纵机构在使用中容易振动磨损，导致机构产生发响、跳档乱档、渗漏等故障现象，严重时影响叉车的正常使用。常见故障有：变速器跳档、变速器乱档、变速器异响、变速器漏油等。因此变速箱需要定期检修维护以及掌握对变速箱的常见故障诊断是很有必要的。关键词：变速箱；箱体；加工工艺；故障AbstractThedesignisaboutthespecialpurposeclampingapparatusofthemachiningtechnologyprocessandsomeworkingproceduresofthecargearboxparts.Themainmachiningsurfaceofthecargearboxpartsistheplaneandaseriesofhole.Generallyspeaking,toguaranteetheworkingaccuracyoftheplaneiseasierthantoguaranteethehole’s.Sothedesignfollowstheprincipleofplanefirstandholesecond.Andinordertoguaranteetheworkingaccuracyoftheseriesofhole,themachiningoftheholeandtheplaneisclearlydividedintoroughmachiningstageandfinishmachiningstage.Thesupportingholeoftheinputbearingandoutputbearingisastheroughdatum.Andthetopareaandtwotechnologicalholesareasthefinishdatum.Themainprocessofmachiningtechnologyisthatfirst,theseriesofsupportingholefixandmachinethetopplane,andthenthetopplaneandtheseriesofsupportingholefixandmachinetechnologicalhole.Inthefollowupworkingprocedure,allworkingproceduresexceptseveralspecialonesfixandmachineotherseriesofholeandplanebyusingthetopplaneandtechnologicalhole.Themachiningwayoftheseriesofsupportingholeistoboreholebycoordinate.Thecombinationmachinetoolandspecialpurposeclampingapparatusareusedinthewholemachiningprocess.Theclampingwayistoclampbypneumaticandisveryhelpful.Theinstructiondoesnothavetolockbyitself.Sotheproductefficiencyishigh.Itisapplicableformassworkingandmachininginassemblyline.Itcanmeetthedesignrequirements.Forklifttrucksinuseprocess,alongwiththeincreaseinmileageandhomeworktimeincreased,thetransmissionconstantlyshiftatwork,makethegearsinsidethetransmissionandcontrolmechanismintheuseofeasytowearandtear,vibrationleadtoproducehairring,jumpinggears,gears,suchasseepagefailurephenomenon,seriousinfluencethenormaluseofforklifttruck.Commonfaultsare:thetransmissiongears,transmissiongears,transmissionofsound,transmissionoil,etc.Thereforegearboxneedregularmaintenance,andtograspthecommonfaultdiagnosisofgearboxisverybenecessary.Keywords:Gearbox;machiningtechnology;specialpurposeclamping；faults目录摘要...................................................................1Abstract..................................................................2第一章绪论............................................................51.1概论...............................................................51.2国内外发展现状....................................................51.3课题的研究意义....................................................5第二章箱体的三维建模.....................
