高考英语 语法突破四大篇 第四部分 专题4 主谓一致和特殊句式讲义-人教版高三全册英语学案

专题 4 主谓一致和特殊句式框架结构图主谓一致的核心考点1.就近一致原则(1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.(2)here/there 引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.2.意义一致原则(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况① 表示学科的名词以及 works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。Politics is his favorite subject.② 表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表1示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。Do you know when the United Nations was set up?(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词，如 people，police，public，cattle 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The police are searching for the murderer.(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定① 集体名词，如 family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population 等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。The poor were looked down upon in the old days.3.语法一致原则(1)由 and 连接的两个名词作主语①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。The teacher and the poet have just arrived.③“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl has the right to receive educ...