专题 2 非谓语动词非谓语动词的形式及句法功能种类时态主动被动主语宾语宾补表语定语状语不定式一般式to doto be done√√√√√√进行式to be doing×完成式to have doneto have been done动名词一般式doingbeing done√√×√√×完成式having donehaving been done分词现在一般式doingbeing done××√√√√完成式having donehaving been done过去一般式done(vi.)表完成done(vt.)表被动与完成××√√√√非谓语动词的核心考点1.非谓语动词作状语(1)不定式作状语① 表示目的I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.② 不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加 only。George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him.(2)现在分词作状语① 一般式 doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light.(主动关系)② 完成式 having done1表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。I got to the office earlier that day ， having caught the 7 ： 30 train from Paddington.③ 被动式 having been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)(3)过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.(被动关系)2.非谓语动词作定语(1)现在分词作定语现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mails waiting for her.(2)不定式作定语不定式作定语表示未做的事情。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.不定式作定语的特殊用法：①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，right，courage，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only 等。② 不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one t...
