第1页共11页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第1页共11页THEHISTORYOFTHEINTERNETTheBeginning-ARPAnetTheInternetstartedasaprojectbytheUSgovernment.Theobjectoftheprojectwastocreateameansofcommunicationsbetweenlongdistancepoints,intheeventofanationwideemergencyor,morespecifically,nuclearwar.TheprojectwascalledARPAnet,anditiswhattheInternetstartedas.Fundedspecificallyformilitarycommunication,theengineersresponsibleforARPANethadnoideaofthepossibilitiesofan"Internet."Bydefinition,an'Internet'isfourormorecomputersconnectedbyanetwork.ARPAnetachieveditsnetworkbyusingaprotocolcalledTCP/IP.Thebasicsaroundthisprotocolwasthatifinformationsentoveranetworkfailedtogetthroughononeroute,itwouldfindanotherroutetoworkwith,aswellasestablishingameansforonecomputerto"talk"toanothercomputer,regardlessofwhetheritwasaPCoraMacintosh.Bythe80'sARPAnet,justyearsawayfrombecomingthemorewellknownInternet,had200computers.TheDefenseDepartment,satisfiedwithARPAnetsresults,decidedtofullyadoptitintoservice,andconnectedmanymilitarycomputersandresourcesintothenetwork.ARPAnetthenhad562computersonitsnetwork.Bytheyear1984,ithadover1000computersonitsnetwork.In1986ARPAnet(supposedly)shutdown,butonlytheorganizationshutdown,andtheexistingnetworksstillexistedbetweenthemorethan1000computers.ItshutdownduetoafailiedlinkupwithNSF,whowantedtoconnectits5countywidesupercomputersintoARPAnet.WiththefundingofNSF,newhighspeedlinesweresuccessfullyinstalledatlinespeedsof56k(anormalmodemnowadays)throughtelephonelinesin1988.Bythattime,therewere28,174computersonthe(bythendecided)Internet.In1989therewere80,000computersonit.By1989,therewere290,000.Anothernetworkwasbuilttosupporttheincrediblenumberofpeoplejoining.Itwasconstructedin1992.Today-TheInternetToday,theInternethasbecomeoneofthemostimportanttechnologicaladvancementsinthehistoryofhumanity.Everyonewantstoget'online'toexperiencethewealthofinformationoftheInternet.MillionsofpeoplenowusetheInternet,andit'spredictedthatbytheyear2003everysinglepersonontheplanetwillhaveInternetaccess.TheInternethastrulybecomeawayoflifeinourtimeandera,andisevolvingsoquicklyitshardtodeterminewhereitwillgonext,ascomputerandnetworktechnologyimproveeveryday.HOWITWORKS:It'sastandardthing.PeopleusingtheInternet.Shopping,playinggames,conversinginvirtualInternetenvironments.第2页共11页第1页共11页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第2页共11页TheInternetisnota'thing'itself.TheInternetcannotjust"crash."Itfunctionsthesamewayasthetelephonesystem,onlythereisnoInternetcompanythatrunstheInternet.TheInternetisacollectionofmillioinsofcomputersthatareallconnectedtoeachother,orhavethemeanstoconnecttoeachother.TheInternetisjustlikeanofficenetwork,onlyithasmillionsofcomputersconnectedtoit.ThemainthingabouthowtheInternetworksiscommunication.HowdoesacomputerinHoustonknowhowtoaccessdataonacomputerinTokyotoviewawebpage?Internetcommunication,communicationamongcomputersconnectedtotheInternet,isbasedonalanguage.ThislanguageiscalledTCP/IP.TCP/IPestablishesalanguageforacomputertoaccessandtransmitdataovertheInternetsystem.ButTCP/IPassumesthatthereisaphysicalconnecetionbetweenonecomputerandanother.Thisisnotusuallythecase.TherewouldhavetobeanetworkwirethatwenttoeverycomputerconnectedtotheInternet,butthatwouldmaketheInternetimpossibletoaccess.Thephysicalconnectionthatisrequireedisestablis...
