金融词汇之一Abandonment(弃权)Controllingpartygivinguprightstopropertyvoluntarily.Abandonmentoption(清算期权)Theoptionofterminatinganinvestmentearlierthanoriginallyplanned.Abandonmentvalue（清算价值）Thevalueofaprojectiftheproject'sassetsweresoldexternally;oralternatively.itsopportunityvalueiftheassetswereemployedelsewhereinthefirm.ABCagreementAcontractbetweenanemployeeandabrokeragefirmoutliningtherightsofthefirmpurchasinganNYSEmembershipforthatemployee.ABCmethodofinventorycontrol（存货控制的ABC方法）Methodwhichcontrolsexpensiveinventoryitemsmorecloselythanlessexpensiveitems.Abilitytopay（偿债能力）Referstotheborrower'sabilitytomakeinterestandprincipalpaymentsondebts.Abnormalreturn（超常回报）Thecomponentofthereturnthatisnotduetosystematicinfluences(market-wideinfluences).Inotherwords,abnormalreturnsareabovethosepredictedbythemarketmovementalone.Absolute-priorityrule（绝对优先权准则）Theruleinbankruptcyorreorganizationthatclaimsofasetofclaimholdersmustbepaid,infullbeforethenext.junior.setofclaimholdersmaybepaidanything.AbsorbedUsedincontextofgeneralequities.Securitiesare"absorbed"aslongastherearecorrespondingorderstobuyandsell.Themarkethasreachedtheabsorptionpointwhenfurtherassimilationisimpossiblewithoutanadjustmentinprice.Accelerateddepreciation（加速折旧）Methodsofdepreciationthatwriteoffthecostofacapitalassetfasterthanunderstraight-linedepreciation.Acceptance（汇票）Contractualagreementinstigatedwhenthedraweeofatimedraft"accepts"thedraftbywritingtheword"accepted"thereon.Thedraweeassumesresponsibilityastheacceptorandforpaymentatmaturity.Accommodativemonetarypolicy(适应性货币政策)FederalReserveSystempolicytoincreasetheamountofmoneyavailabletobanksforlending.AccountsPayable（应付账款）Amountsofmoneyowedtootherfirmbecausebuyinggoodsorservicesoncreditfromthefirm.Acurrentliability,theaccountspayableisalsocalledpayables.Accountsreceivable（应收账款）Amountsofmoneyowedtoafirmbycustomerswhohaveboughtgoodsorservicesoncredit.Acurrentasset,theaccountsreceivableaccountisalsocalledreceivables.Accountsreceivableturnover(应收账款周转率)Theratioofnetcreditsalestoaverageaccountsreceivable,whichisameasureofhowquicklycustomerspaytheirbills.Accountstatement(账户表)Inthecontextofbanking,referstoasummaryofallbalances.Inthecontextofsecurities,asummaryofalltransactionsandpositions(longandshort)betweenabroker/dealerandaclient.Accountingearnings(会计利润)Earningsofafirmasreportedonitsincomestatement.Accountinginsolvency(资不抵债)Totalliabilitiesexceedtotalassets.Afirmwithanegativenetworthisinsolventonthebooks.Accretion(ofadiscount)(增值)Inportfolioaccounting,astraight-lineaccumulationofcapitalgainsonadiscountbondinanticipationofreceiptofparatmaturity.Accrualbasis(应收应付制)Inthecontextofaccounting,practiceinwhichexpensesandincomeareaccountedforasiftheyareearnedorincurred,whetherornottheyhavebeenreceivedorpaid.Antithesisofcashbasisaccounting.Accrualbond(一次还本付息债券)Abondonwhichinterestaccruesbutisnotpaidtotheinvestorduringthetimeofaccrual.Theamountofaccruedinterestisaddedtotheremainingprincipalofthebondandispaidatmaturity.Accruedexpenses(累积费用，应计费用)Amountsowedbutnotyetpaidforwages.taxes,interest,anddividends.Theaccruedexpensesaccountisashort-termliability.Accruedinterest(应计利息)Appliesmainlytoconvertiblesecurities.Interestthathasaccumulatedbetweenthemostrecentpaymentandthesaleof...
