我国成年意定监护制度研究摘要随着世界人口老龄化程度的不断加深和人权保障观念的不断进步，各国相继开始进行成年监护制度改革。近年来，我国人口老龄化现象也日趋严峻，传统的法定监护方式已经无法适应当前国情，难以应对新形势和新变化。在此背景下，我国《老年人权益保障法》首次确立了老年人意定监护制度，随后《民法总则》（现已废止）在此基础上，规定了成年意定监护制度。将使用对象的范围扩大至所有具有完全行为能力的成年人，充分尊重当事人意思自治，是对成年意定监护制度的进一步确认和完善，同时也符合世界人权理念的发展趋势2021年1月1日正式施行的《民法典》总则编中吸收了《民法总则》关于成年意定监护的相关规定。至此我国法律对该制度仅做了原则性规定，同时缺乏配套制度的支持，导致实践中的可操作性不强，急需相关立法进行完善，以更好地实现制度的立法初衷。本文首先从我国成年意定监护制度的基本问题入手，阐述了成年意定监护制度概念、意定监护与其他相关概念的区别及成年意定监护制度理念；其次，通过分析我国成年意定监护制度的现状，发现并提出我国成年意定监护制度当前存在的问题；再次，借鉴域外成年意定监护制度的先进经验，归纳出适合我国实际情况的法律规定；最后，从补充设立内容的指引性规定、明确意定监护人的权利义务与责任、健全意定监护监督程序三方面提出完善我国成年意定监护制度的具体建议。关键词成年意定监护；意定监护协议；意定监护监督IResearchonthesystemofadultvoluntarygurdi-anshipinChinaAbstractAstheagingoftheworld'spopulationcontinuestodeepenandtheconceptofhumanrightsprotectioncontinuestodevelop,countrieshavesuccessivelybeguntoreformtheadultguardianshipsystem.Inrecentyears,theagingofourcountry'spopulationhasbecomeincreasinglyserious.Traditionallegalguardianshipmethodscannotadapttothecurrentnationalconditions,norcantheycopewithnewsituationsandchanges.Undersuchcircumstances,mycountry's"LawontheProtectionoftheRightsandInterestsoftheElderly"establishedtheexpectedguardianshipsystemfortheelderlyforthefirsttime,andthenstipulatedthe"GeneralPrinciplesofCivilLaw"(nowrepealed).Anadultmonitoringsystembasedonthis.Expandingthescopeofusetoalladultsandfullyrespectingtheautonomyofrelevantpartiesisafurtherconfirmationandimprovementoftheadultguardianshipsystem,anditisalsoinlinewiththedevelopmenttrendoftheworld'shumanrightsconcept.The"GeneralRulesofCivilLaw"formallyimplementedonJanuary1,2021incorporatestherelevantprovisionsonadultguardianshipintothe"GeneralRulesofCivilLaw".Sofar,ourcountry'slawshaveonlyprovidedprinciplesforthissystem,andthelackofsupportforthissystemhasledtopooroperabilityinpractice.Thereisanurgentneedtoimproverelevantlegislationtobetterrealizetheoriginalintentionofthesystem.ThisarticlestartswiththebasicissuesofChina'sadultvoluntaryguardianshipsystem,expoundstheconceptofadultvoluntaryguardianshipsystem,thedifferencebetweenexpectedguardianshipandotherrelatedconcepts,andtheconceptofadultvoluntaryguardianshipsystem.Secondly,itanalyzestheadultvoluntaryguardianshipsysteminourcountry.DiscoveredandproposedthecurrentstatusofChina'sadultvoluntaryguardianshipsystem.Third,learnfromtheadvancedexperienceofforeignadultguardianshipsystemsandsummarizelawsandregulationsthatsuitmycountry'snationalconditions.Finally,theestablishmentofsupplementaryguidelinesfortheguardianshipsystem,clarifiedtherights,obligationsandresponsibilitiesoftheproposedguardian,improvedthesupervisionproceduresoftheproposedguardian,andputforwardspecificsuggestionsforimprovingtheadultguardianshipsysteminIImycountry.KeywordsVoluntaryguardianship；GuardianshipContract；GuardianshipS...
