山东省高密市银鹰文昌中学中考英语《句子的成分》导学案外研版句子的成分分为:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、主语：（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。能充当主语的词：名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句1.Thechildrendidn’tknowabouthealthyfood.（名词）2.Weareverypleasedwiththecompetition.（代词）3.Learningaforeignlanguageisboring.（动名词）4.Itwashardworktopersuadethechildrentotrythenewfood.（不定式）5.Whathesaidistrue.（主语从句）Itwasveryfunnythatmycamelkeptlyingdown.（主语从句）谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。动词分为：行为动词和系动词1.Theteenagersrefusedtoeatthenewfood.2.Jamietalkedtothegovernment.3.Jamieisacook(whoseideashavechangedschoolmeals).宾语有三种：1）动宾结构（动作的承受者）IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介宾结构（介词后的名词、代词和动名词）ChildrenarelookingforwardtotheSpringFestival.Areyouafraidofthesnake?3）双宾语——间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Pleaseshowmeyourmenu.Hetoldthemtheyneededtobanjunkfoodfromschools.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Hisfathertoldhimtogetupearly.（带to不定式）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Weshouldkeepourclassroomclean.(形容词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Weneedtoeathealthyfood.（形容词）Heisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Thereare47students.（数词）ThebooksontheshelfbelongtoMr.Wang.(介词短语)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）BookswrittenbyMoYanarepopularnow.（过去分词）Wehaveenoughfoodtoeat.（不定式）Heisthephotographerwhowonthefirstprize.（定语从句）
