人教初二上册Unit11Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?[重点词汇及短语]dothechores,dothedishes,sweepthefloor,takeoutthetrash,foldtheclothes;cleanthelivingroom,dothelaundry,washthecar,buysomedrinksandsnacks,borrowsomemoney,inviteyourfriends,teenager,hate,takecareof,feed,givemearide,stayoutlate,needtodosth.[重点句型]1.Couldyoutakeoutthetrash?Sure.2.CouldIborrowthecar?Sorry,butIneedit.Ihavetogotoameeting.3.Ihavetomakethebedanddothelaundry.4.CouldIpleasegotothemovies?Yes,youcan.CouldIpleaseusethecar?No,youcan’t.Ihavetogoout.5.Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?Yes,sure.Couldyoupleasedothedishes?Sorry,Ican’t.Ihavetodomyhomework.6.—Ihavetodochores.—Well,Ihatesomechorestoo,butIlikeotherchores.[语法要点]1.礼貌地提出请求:用could委婉地表示请求。2.礼貌地请求允许:用could委婉地请求许可。3.make与do的区别。[重点、难点讲评]1.—Peter,couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash?—Sure,Mom.—Couldyoupleasedothedishes?—Sorry,Ican’t.Ihavetodomyhomework.(1)在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用could代替can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时,除了can,could之外,还可以用may,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例:①Could/Can/MayIuseyourcarforaday?②IwonderifIcoulduseyourcarforaday?③DoyoumindifIuseyourcarforaday?对于①、②句所作允答可以各种各样,如同意可以说Yes,或Sure或Certainly,还可说Yes,(do)please.或Ofcourse.(youmay/can).或Goahead,please.或That’sOK/allright.如果不同意,可以说I’msorryyoucan’t.或I’mreallysorry,butIhavetouseittoday.要避免说No,youcan’t.这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。对于句(3)所作回答可以说Nevermind./Notatall.表“不介意”。不能用Yes./Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly.等。无论肯定还是否定应答中,要避免使用could,要用can或may。因为应答须用确定的语气。而could在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气,用在应答中则成了不确定语气,与情理不符。所以应答中不说Yes,youcould.或No,youcouldn’t.而要说Yes,youcan.或Sorry./No,youcan’t.(2)区别动词do和make。“do”与动作及非实质性的事连用,与词尾是-ing的动作名词连用,如:dothedishes(洗餐具),domyhomework(做我的家庭作业),dochores(做家务,处理琐事),dothelaundry(洗衣),dotheshopping(购物),dosomereading(读书)“make”表示“做、制造”、“整理”、“冲、泡(饮料)”等,如:makeyourbed(铺床),makebreakfast(做早餐),makedinner(做晚饭),maketea(泡茶,沏茶),makemyselfacupofcoffee(给自己冲一杯咖啡)(3)takeout带出(人),取出(物);takeoutof从……里取出2.CouldIpleaseuseyourcomputer?Sorry,I’mgoingtoworkonitnow.Well,couldIwatchTV?Yes,youcan.CouldI/youplease…?表示一种有礼貌的请求或提议,其后连接原形动词,比Canyou/I…?语气更委婉。类似句型有:Wouldyoulike+sth./todosth.?MayI+dosth.?Shallwe+dosth.?Wouldyoumind+sth./doingsth.?What/Howabout+sth./doingsth.?肯定回答有Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly./OK./Great./Well./Goodidea./Iagree.等。否定回答有Sorry…./No,youcan’t.等。3.Ihatetodochores.—Doyouliketodothelaundry?—No,It’sboring.Idon’tlikedoingthedishesbecauseit’sboring.(1)hatevt.“不喜欢,讨厌、恨”,没有进行时。hate后可接todo也可接doing,意义无大差别,只是todo更多表示具体的一次性的动作,而doing更多表示习惯性,经常的一般的动作。这与like后接todo或doing的用法一样。(2)对比由动词加-ing和-ed构成的形容词:动词加-ing构成的形容词可以指人或物,在句中作定语或表语;动词加-ed构成的形容词通常用来指人,...