专业英语八级英语语言学知识-2(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数:40,分数:100.00)1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?A.Polysemyisthephenomenonthatthesameonewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.B.Homonymyreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.C.Hyponymyreferstothesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.D.Antonymyisusedforthesamenessorclosesimilarityofmeaning.(分数:2.50)A.B.C.D.√解析:A项polysemy一词多义现象表达同一种词有多种意义;B项homonymy同形异义关系指某些词的意义不一样,不过具有相似形式的现象,即不一样的词在发音或拼写上同样,或发音拼写都同样;C项hyponymy(下义关系)是指一种更广义、更具有包容性的词与一种更详细的词之间的意义关系。D项antonymy(反义关系)指意义上的对立,而不是意义上的相似或相近(synonymy)。2."Bow"(v.)and"bow"(n.)are______.A.homophonesB.homographsC.completehomonymsD.partialhomonyms(分数:2.50)A.B.√C.D.解析:“Bow”(v.)and“bow”(n.),发音不一样,是homographs(同形异义词);比较piece和peace,拼写不一样,是homophones(同音异义词)。3."Scale"(v.)and"scale"(n.)are______.A.homophonesB.homographsC.completehomonymsD.partialhomonyms(分数:2.50)A.B.C.√D.解析:“scale”(v.)表达“称重、攀登”等意,“scale”(n.)表达“天平,规模”等意,而两词的发音和拼写都相似,故为同形异义词。4.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?A.Superordinateisthewordmorespecificinmeaning.B.Hyponymisthewordmoregeneralinmeaning.C.Co-hyponymsarethehyponymsofthesamesuperordinate.D."Flower"istheco-hyponymof"rose","morningglory","carmination".(分数:2.50)A.B.C.√D.解析:superordinate上义词是指更广泛的词;hyponym下义词为详细的词;同一种上义词的几种下义词之间互为co-hyponyms并列下义词。“flower”是上义词,“rose”,“morningglory”,“carmination”是并列下义词。5.X:John'sbikeneedsrepairing.Y:Johnhasabike.TherelationshipofXandYis______.A.synonymousB.inconsistentC.XentailingYD.XpresupposingY(分数:2.50)A.B.C.D.√解析:“John的自行车需要修理”的前提是“他有自行车”,两句是预设、前提关系。6.Accordingtothecomponentialanalysis,thewords"boy"and"man"differinthefeatureofA.HUMANB.ANIMATEC.MALED.ADULT(分数:2.50)A.B.C.D.√解析:男孩和男人的重要区别是男孩是孩子,男人是成人。他们都是“人,有生命的,男性”。7.Accordingtopredicationanalysis,thepredicationsof"Tomhatessoup."and"Itiscool."arerespectively______and______.A.no-placepredication,two-placepredicationB.two-placepredication,one-placepredicationC.two-placepredication,no-placepredicationD.no-placepredication,one-placepredication(分数:2.50)A.B.C.√D.解析:根据述谓构造中的变元(argument)数量,述谓构造可分为双位述谓构造(含两个变元)、单位述谓构造(含一种变元)和空位述谓构造(不含变元)。Tomhatessoup中有两个名词性成分Tom和soup,为该构造的逻辑参与者,为双位述谓构造;Itiscool中包括非人称代词it不能看作是一种变元,故为空位述谓构造。8.WhichofthefollowingstatementconcerningcontextisNOTcorrect?A.ItwasfirstnotedbytheBritishlinguistJohnFirth.B.Itisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer.C.Itdeterminesthespeaker'suseoflanguageandalsothehearer'sinterpretationofwhatissaidtohim.D.Itisessentialtothesyntacticstudyoflanguage.(分数:2.50)A.B.C.D.√解析:语境这个概念由英国语言学家JohnFirth最先提出,一般认为它是由言者和听者的共享知识构成,它决定着言者对语言的运用和听者对他所听到话语的理解,它对语言的语用研究(而非句法研究)来说是必不可少的。9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?A.Themeanin...