中国的律师制度（英）LawyerSystemThissystemgovernsthenature,mission,organization,operationalprinciplesoflawyers,aswellashowlawyersprovidelegalservices.Nature,MissionandStatus1.NatureArticle2oftheLawyersLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,promulgatedonMay15,1996,defineslawyersasprofessionalswhohaveobtainedapracticinglicensethroughlegalmeanstoprovidelegalservices.LawyersareanimportantforcefortheconstructionofthelegalsysteminChina.Article3providesthatpracticinglawyersmustabidebytheConstitutionandlawsandadheretothecodeofethicsandprofessionaldisciplineforlawyers.Theymustusefactsasbasisandlawasyardstickforpracticing.2.MissionThemissionoflawyersistoachievetheobjectivespecifiedinstatelawsthroughthepracticeoflaw.Article1oftheLawyersLawstatesthatthemissionoflawyersistomaintainthelawfulrightsandinterestsofthepartiestoasuitandmaintainproperimplementationoflaw.Thesetwoobjectivesaremutuallycomplementarybecausethemaintenanceoflawfulrightsandinterestsisconsistentwiththemaintenanceoftherightimplementationoflaw.3.StatusofLawyersChineselawyersplayanindependentroleinlawsuits.Theydonotbelongtocourtsorprocuratorates,nordotheybelongtotheirclients.Theyparticipateinlawsuitsinordertomaintainthelegalrightsandinterestsoftheirclients.Theyareindependent.Theyenjoynotonlyrightsofanordinaryparticipantinalawsuit,butalsorightscompatiblewiththeexerciseofthedutiesofalawyer.QualificationsforLicensingTopractice,lawyersmustfirstobtainprofessionalqualificationsandapplyforalicenseafterprobation.Afterobtainingqualifications,theymustreceivethelicenseforpracticinginaccordancewithlegalproceduresinordertopracticelawasalawyer.Onlythencantheyenjoytherightsoflawyerswhileassumingdutiesaccordingly.Individualswhohaveobtainedlegalqualificationsmayretaintheirqualificationsandnotengageinthelegalprofessionforaperiodoftime.Thisisknownasseparationoflegalqualificationsfromlegalpracticing.1.LegalQualificationsArticle6oftheLawyersLawprovidesthattherearetwowaysforobtaininglegalqualifications:throughnationalexaminationorapprovalbyjudicialauthorities.AccordingtoArticle6,Thestateshalladministeranationalexaminationtodeterminelawyerqualification.Personswithathree-yearcollegeeducationinlawandaboveorwithequivalentqualifications,aswellaspersonswithabachelor’sdegreeinotherdisciplinesandabove,canbeawardedlawyer’squalificationsbytheStateCounciljudicialadministrationafterpassingthenationalexamination.Article7providesthatpersonswithafour-yearcollegeeducationinlawandabovewhohaveengagedinlawstudiesandteachingandholdaseniorprofessionaltitleorwithequivalentqualificationsandwhohaveappliedforapracticinglicensemaybegrantedlawyer’squalificationssubjecttoapprovalbytheStateCounciljudicialauthorities.2.Licensinga）PrerequisitesforApplyingforPracticingLicenseArticle8oftheLawyersLawstatesthatapplicantsforapracticinglicensemustsupporttheConstitutionofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaandmeetthefollowingrequirements:Fullyqualified;Fullyearofinternshipatalawfirm;Beingoodstanding.b）RejectionofApplicationsArticle9statesthatapplicantswhomeetanyofthefollowingconditionswillbedeniedapracticinglicense:Unabletoperformcivilactsorarerestrictedinperformingcivilacts;Havebeencriminallypenalized（butnotincludingcrimesofnegligence）;Havebeendismissedfrompublicofficesorhadtheirpracticinglicenserevoked.c）ProceduresforApplicationsApplicantsmustfirstsubmit,throughtheircurrentorfuturel...
