中国的司法行政治理制度（英）SystemforJudicialAdministrationThejudicialadministrationisanimportantcomponentofthestateapparatusandamajorfunctionaldepartmentofthegovernment.Itisresponsibleforadministeringjudicialexecutionandmanaginglawsandregulations.Organizationally,theMinistryofJusticesupervisesallthejudicialdepartmentsacrossthecountry;localjudicialauthoritiesaresubordinatetosuperiorjudicialauthoritiesandtothegovernmentatthesamelevel.Mainresponsibilitiesofjudicialauthoritiesinclude:1.ManageReform-through-laborandReeducation-through-laborInstitutionsOrganizeandleadreform-through-laborandreeducation-through-laborwork;Setthelocationofjailsandreformatoriesandplacementofprisonersandinmates;Direct,superviseandinspectprisonsandreformatoriesandaccuratelyimplementpoliciesandguidelinesforreform-andre-education-through-laborwork;Proposeorreviewdecisionsconcerningreform-orre-education-through-labor;Draftandreviewlong-termplansandannualplans;Directjailsandreformatoriestoimprovemanagement;Sumupandpromoteadvancedpracticesinreform-andre-education-through-labor;Inspectandhandlemajorincidentsthattakeplaceatjailsorreformatories;Meteoutdisciplinarypenaltiesforwardenswhoviolatelawsordiscipline;Manage,inspect,trainandpromoteofficersatjailsandreformatories.2.RegulateLawyersSuperviseanddirectlawyers,lawfirmsandbarassociations;Reviewconstitutionsofbarassociations;Handleapplicationsfortakingpartinlawyersqualificationexaminationandadministertheexamination;Conferlawyer’squalificationsandlicenses;Determinethesetupoflawfirmsandthedevelopmentoflawyers;Draftrulesforlegalassistance;Penalizelawyerswhobreachprofessionaldiscipline,includingrevokingqualificationsofthosewhoareseriouslyincompetent;Developrulesforlawyerstochargefees;Sumupandpromotegoodpracticesoflawyers;Draftdevelopmentplansforthelegalprofession.3.RegulatePublicNotariesSupervisepublicnotaries;Determinethesetupofpublicnotaryoffices,thestaffing,organizationandexaminationofpublicnotaries;Appointandremovethedirectoranddeputydirectorofpublicnotaryoffices;Supervisefee-chargingandexpendituresbypublicnotaries;Performdisciplinaryinspectionsofpublicnotaries;Sumupandpromotegoodpracticesofpublicnotaries.4.ManageTrainingofJudicialOfficialsDraftguidelinesfortrainingjudicialofficialsanddeveloptrainingplans;Directtheoperationofpoliticalandlawschools,includingtrainingoffacultyanddevelopingoftextbooks;Sumupandpromotegoodpracticesintraining.5.ManageLegalEducationSetthedirectionoflegaleducation,draftdevelopmentplans,coordinatelegaleducationnationwide,andcollaboratewiththeMinistryofEducationinsupervisinglegaleducationacrossthecountry;AppointandremoveleadingofficialsofpoliticalandlawschoolsaffiliatedwiththeMinistryofJustice,reviewandapprovecapitalexpendituresandmajorexpendituresofthoseschools,determinethesetupofprograms,enrolmentandplacementofgraduates;Taketheleadindevelopingtextbooksforlegaleducationacrossthecountry.6.DirectPeople’sMediationCommitteesManagetheorganizational,ideologicalandoperationalbuildupofPeople’sMediationCommitteesanddirectthemintheirmediationwork;Studycauses,characteristicsandpatternsofcivildisputesandproposewaystopreventsuchdisputes;Publicizepolicies,lawsandethics;Sumupandpromotegoodpracticesinmediation.7.PromotePublicAwarenessofRuleofLawThisincludescollaborationwithrelevantdepartmentsinlaunchingpublicitycampaigns,introducinglegalcoursesintoschoolsandpublishinglegalperiodicalsandbooks.8.SuperviseForeignAffairsofJudicialDepartments.TheMinistryofJusticesupervisesallforeignaffairsofthecountry’sjudicialorgans.Thisentailsdeterminationofdirection,scopeandformsofforeignaffairsandlogisticalarrangements;sendingdelegationstovisitabroadandattendinternationalconferences;receivingforeignvisitorsandbriefingthemonChina’slegaldevelopments;conductinginternationallegalassistance.9.SuperviseTheory-buildingandResearchinJudicialAdministrationDefinetheorganizationalsetupandmissionsofresearchinstitutionsinthejudicialapparatus;Draftlaws,regulationsandrulesconcerningjudicialadministration;Studyissuesrelatedtojudicialadministration,crimes（particularlyjuveniledelinquency）.
