名词性从句的六大误区误区一：that与what的混用1.Thattheyaregoingtodiscussatthemeetingishowtoincreasefoodsupplyintheworld.(错误)Whattheyaregoingtodiscussatthemeetingishowtoincreasefoodsupplyintheworld.(正确)注：that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，也不在从句中充当任何成分；而what则表示“什么”“……的东西或事情”，在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语等。上句中的what应充当discuss的宾语。误区二：if与whether的混用2.IfwewillvisittheGreatWalltomorrowhasnotbeendecidedyet.(错误)WhetherwewillvisittheGreatWalltomorrowhasnotbeendecidedyet.（正确）注：if与whether引导宾语从句时往往可换，但在下面情况时常使用whether：作介词的宾语时，见例①；在从句中提出两种选择时，见例②；从句提前时，见例③；引导主语从句，表语从句及同位语从句时，见例④。①IworryaboutwhetherIhurthisfeelings.②Shewasn’tsurewhethersheshouldlaughorcry.③WhetherhewillcomeornotIdon’tquiteknow.④Whatmanypeopleareworriedaboutiswhetherwewillbeabletobuildabetterfuture.Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.误区三：that与because的混用3.⑴Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolwasbecausehegotuplate.(错误)Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathegotuplate.(正确)⑵Whyfarmlandhereisbeinglostisbecausefarmershavecutdowntoomanytreesinrecentyears.(错误)Whyfarmlandhereisbeinglostisbecausefarmershavecutdowntoomanytreesinrecentyears.(正确)注：reason作主语时引导的表语从句或why引导的名词性从句时常用that不用because.误区四：忽略连词that4.TheseoldlanguagesarenowthreatenedandmaydisappearisaseriousmattertothepeopleinBritain.(错误)ThattheseoldlanguagesarenowthreatenedandmaydisappearisaseriousmattertothepeopleinBritain.(正确)注：that在引导宾语从句时常常可省，但在下面情况时不可省去：宾语从句不止一个时，见例①；宾语从句与主句之间有插入语时，见例②；宾语从句为一个主从复合句时，见例③；引导主语从句，表语从句或同位语从句时，见例④。①Theycomplain(that)theyhavetoworkfrommorningtillnight,专心爱心用心1thatitishardtoearnmoney,thattheyarebullied(欺负)bythepolicemen,orthatthecorporationleadersareseatedlazilyandenjoythefruitsofothers’work.②Theteachersaid,pleasantlyandfirmly,thatwemustovercomethedifficulties.③Webelievethatifweworkharder,IwillpasstheNationalCollegeEntranceExamination.④Thetroubleisthatshehaslosthisaddress.(表语从句)WordcamethatChinalauncheditsfirstmannedspaceshiponOct.15,2003.（同位语从句）误区五：nomatterwho\what\which\how\where…与whoever\whatever\whichever\however\wherever…5.Nomatterwhobreakstheruleswillbepunished.(错误)Whoeverbreakstheruleswillbepunished.(正确)注：whoever,whatever,whichever,however,wherever等连词可以引导名词性从句也可引导让步状语从句，而nomatterwho\what\which\how\where…只能引导让步状语从句。例如，Nomatterhowgreatthedifficultyis,weoughttokeepon.Or:Howevergreatthedifficultyis,weoughttokeepon.误区六：相似句型的混淆6．Asisknowntoallthatscienceplaysanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.(错误)Asisknowntoall,scienceplaysanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.(正确)Itisknowntoallthatscienceplaysanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.(正确)注：as作为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句位于主句之前时，从句与主句之间要用逗号隔开。It作为形式主语将that引导的主语从句后置时，that常常不能省。巩固与练习1.Itissaidthatthefamousfootballstarisnowwillingtoplayfor________couldpayhimthreemilliondollarsayear.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.whoever2._____hardhetried,hestillfailedtocarryouttheplan.A.HoweverB.HowC.NomatterD.Thoughvery3._____alltheinventionshaveincommonis_____theyhavesucceeded.A.What,whatB.That,thatC.What,thatD.That,what4.____shewillbegiventhisjobisstillunderdiscussion.A.WhetherB.WhatC.IfD.That5.____isknowntousall,___lifeinthemodernworldiseasierinsomewaysthanthelifeourgrandparentslived.A.As,不填B.Which,不填C.As,aD.Which,the6.Itdependson___it’sgoingtorain.专心爱心用心2A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.不填7．_____she’sjustsaidistheveryidea_____Iwanttoexpress.A.What,thatB.That,whatC.What,whichD.That,which8.Whywedecidedtoputoffthemeetingis______wehadsomedifficultyinpreparingit.A.becauseB.thatC.不填D.why9.Thereasonwhyhefailedintheexamwas_____hewastoocareless.A.whyB.becauseC.不填D.that10.Whatheneeds____enoughtimeandwhatIneed_____enoughbooks.A.is,areB.is,isC.is,areD.are,areKey:1-5DACAA6-10BABDC专心爱心用心3
