Module4MusicBorninAmerica-Section1BackgroundReadings素材PartTwoTeachingResourcesSection1BackgroundReadingsforModule4MusicBorninAmerica1.somethingaboutmusicClassicalmusicistheonethathappenedinEuropeancountrysuchasGermany,France,Poland…beforethesecondworldwar.Itincludesserenade,symphony,pianomusic,concerto,violinmusic,quartetetc.Afterthesecondworldwar,mostofthemusicis"Pop'',includingJazz,Hip-hop,RockandRoll,R&B,Naturemusic,Rap,lightmusic,etc.Folkmusiciscreatedbyonepeoplethroughmanyyears.Polka,Mazurkaareforeigncountry'sfolkmusic.Chinesezithermusic,Chineseflutemusic,erhufiddlemusic…areourcountry'sfolkmusic.2.DJ(discjockey):Apersonwhoplaysrecordsandtalksaboutmusicontheradioorinaclub.3.TheRollingStones:TheRollingStonesarethelongestsurvivingrockbandintheworld.FormedbyMickJagger,KeithRichards,BillWyman,BrianJonesandCharlieWattsintheearly1960s,theyhadtheirfirstUKNo.1hitallovernowinJuly1964.Theythenwentontohaveanother7No1hits,andanother12UKTopTenhits.AfterthemysterydeathofBrianJones,MickTaylor,andnowRonnieWoodtookoverasleadguitarist,andinthe1900sWymanleftthebandbutwasnotreplacedbyanotherfulltimemembers.Theycontinuetotourandmakerecords.4.Jazz:Jazzisakindofmusicwithstrongrhythms,inwhichtheplayersoftenimprovise(makeupmusicastheyareplaying).JazzwasoriginallycreatedbyAfrican-AmericanmusiciansinNewOrleansintheearly20thcentury.TherearemanydifferentstylesofJazz,includingDixielandandswing.SyncopationisalsoveryimportanttoJazz.5.Blues:BluesisatypeofmusicwhichstartedassongssungbyAfricanAmericanswhiletheywereworking.ThefirstbluesmusicwasplayedinthesouthernUnitedStatesinthelate19thandearly20thcenturies,usinginstrumentssuchasguitar,pianoandharmonica.Thewordsofearlybluessongsoftenconsistedofasinglelinerepeatedtwoorthreetimesbeforechanging.6.GRAFFITI:Inthetextthereisanexpression“graffitiart”,firstweshouldknowwhatgraffitiis.Itreferstowordsordrawings,especiallyhumorous,rudeorpolitical,onwalls,doors,etc.inpublicplaces.GRAFFITI,汉语为“涂鸦”，可以说是一种书法。因为GRAFFITI是以字体为根本，利用喷漆的独特表现手法，与墙体上去创造有震撼性和视觉感的画面。GRAFFITI起源于六十年代初。由于当时贫民区里有一群被视为社会问题的失业、失学的西裔或黑人青年,他们在反种族歧视、反战、反性压抑、反权力压抑的运动思潮中,形成一种地域性的反文化社会行为,发展其有独特风格的GTAFFITI艺术。GRAFFITI(涂鸦)意大利文之意是(乱写),初时的GRAFFITI的确是以类似的形态的出现。利用概括的符号,扼要的去表明意图。有些人更会写上自己的名字和门牌号码，以此告之世人他们的存在。之后随着GRAFFITI的发展,GRAFFITI不单是一种表达意图和宣传自己名字的工具，而且更成为了GRAFFITI创作者(WRITER)之间相互竞争方式和工具。起初他们会比赛谁的签名大,谁写得漂亮。他们最初的工具是水笔，但很快他们发觉水笔太细不能造出更大的签名。很快他们发现了喷漆。喷漆凭借它鲜艳的颜色和方便快捷的使用方法，很快地成为了GRAFFITI爱好者创作工具的最爱。因为喷漆的方便使用,颜色丰富，使更多的GRAFFITI创作者向创作有画面美感的大幅GRAFFITI发展，使GRAFFITI不再是单一的概括符号、签名和门牌号码，而是一些通过字体变形扭曲创作出来的一幅幅色彩鲜艳的美丽画面。到此他们不再单是比赛谁的签名大、漂亮。更比赛谁的字体画得更漂亮,更有自己的风格。因为他们觉得抄袭别人的东西是一种耻辱。所以创造出有自己独特风格的字体是每个WRITER最希望做到的事情。慢慢地GRAFFITI演变出一种独特的艺术表达形式出现。
