SectionⅢUsinglanguage&Writing现在完成时的被动语态一、构成肯定式主语＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主语＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋beendone...？特殊疑问式疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beendone...？◆Hehasbeenselectedtotakepartinthesportsmeeting.他已被挑选出来参加运动会。◆Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromhisovercoat.墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。◆Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided?下次会议的日期已确定了吗？◆Howlonghasthebatterynotbeenchanged?电池多久没有更换了？二、用法1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just,never,recently等副词连用。◆Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.机器已经修好了。2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“Howlong...？”句型中。◆Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。◆Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。◆Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。常与现在完成时连用的时间状语recently/lately最近sincethen从那时起eversince自那以来bynow到现在为止foralongtime很长一段时间ever曾经inrecentyears在最近几年里yet已经in/during/overthepast/lastyears在过去的几年里already已经sofar迄今为止三、注意事项1．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。◆Hisbosshasalreadypunishedhim.→Hehasalreadybeenpunishedbyhisboss.2．带有双宾语的动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。◆Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecentlybythecompany.→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecentlybythecompany.单句语法填空1．Morethan50，000yuanhasbeenraised(raise)forthepoorfamilysincethegroupwasfounded.2．BlackFridayhasbeenregarded(regard)asthebeginningoftheholidayshoppingseasonforyears.3．—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoonewashurt(hurt)．4．Sincetheearly1990s,alotofclinicshavebeenfounded(found)inthiscountrytotreatpoorpeopleforfree.5．Someeffortsweremade(make)toimprovetheairqualityinthecitylastwinter.6．Overthepastthreeyears,thepaintingshavebeentaken(take)tomorethan20museumsintheworld.7．Lotsofstudieshaveshown(show)thatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.8．Morethan$10millionhadbeenspent(spend)carryingouttheprojectbytheendoflastyear.9．Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents，wasinvited(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonylastnight.10．TheEnglishsonghasbeensung(sing)formanyyears,butwestilllikeit.语法与写作1．Theboyshavebeentoldmanytimes(男孩们已经被多次告知)nottoswiminthatlake,butitdoesn’tmakeanydifference.2．WearegladtobetoldthatLiTaohasbeenadmittedtoFudanUniversity(已经被复旦大学录取)forhistopscoresintheMathsContest.3．Whenandwheretogofortheonsalaryholidayhasnotbeendecided(没有确定)yet.4．Thoughwedon’tknowwhatwasdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopichasbeenchanged(已被改变了)．5．Thatbookhasbeentranslated(已经被翻译)intoatleast20foreignlanguagessofar.实验报告文体感知实验报告是把实验目的、方法、过程、结果等记录下来，经过整理写成的书面汇总材料。实...
