英语高二下人教版新课标选修8Unit3第7课时教案（文化背景知识）I.语法:过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。表示被动和完成意义,其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：Wherearethereservedseats?(=Wherearetheseatswhichhavebeenreserved?)预定的座位在哪里？Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.受伤的工人现正在医院受到很好的照料。Weneededmuchmorequalifiedworkers.我们需要更多合格的工人。Myfriendisareturnedstudent.我的朋友是个归国留学生。2.过去分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如：Thefundsraised(=whichhavebeenraised)aremainlyusedforhelpingthehomeless.筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?Thisbook,written(=whichiswritten)insimpleEnglish,issuitableforbeginners.本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.=Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。3.过去分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如：Thenewly-builtbuildingisourofficebuilding.这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。Thisisastate-ownedfactory.这是一家国营工厂。Thisisourschool-runfactory.这是我们的校办工厂。4.有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如：Therearealotoffallenleavesinautumn.秋天有许多落叶。Thefilmdescribesthestoryaboutthepolicewhopursueanescapedman.这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。常用的这一类词有：fallen,faded,returned,retired,risen,grownup,vanished等。5.如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Isthereanythingunsolved?还有没解决的问题吗？ThereisnotingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。6.过去分词作定语时与定语从句的关系：(1)及物动词的过去分词可改为动词为被动形式的定语从句。losttime—timewhichislostawell-knownwriter—awriterwhoiswell-knownabeatenteam—ateamwhichisbeaten(2)部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时可改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句。areturnedsoldier—asoldierwhohasreturnedretiredworkers—workerswhohaveretiredalearnedman—amanwhoisofmuchlearningasunkenship—ashipwhichhassunk[练习]1.Firsthemadealistofthenamesofthose______.Thenhebegantowritetheinvitationcards.A.invitedB.beinginvitedC.tobeinvitedD.havingbeeninvited2.Thefirsttextbooks_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written3.Thismethod,______inareasnearShanghai,______inamarkedriseintotalproduction.A.trying;resultingB.tried;resultedC.trying;resultedD.tried;resulting4.TheOlympicGames,_____in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying5.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor,_____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading6.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangD.beinghung7.Nextheisgoingtowriteasciencestoryaboutouterspace_____byScienceandTechnologyPress.A.publishedB.beingpublishedC.tobepublishedD.publishing8.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaugh...
