SectionⅢGrammar——直接引语变间接引语语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法1.Shesaid，“Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo，butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend，andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.”2.TheysaythatthisboyandIhavefalleninlove.3.Annesaidshedidn'tdareopenawindow.4.Theteacherasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.引述别人的话一般采用两种方式：一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，这叫直接引语(DirectSpeech)；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放在引号内，这叫间接引语(IndirectSpeech)。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。一、直接引语变间接引语时人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应地变化。口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，hers，it，its，they，their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。一随主：Hesaid，“Ilikeitverymuch.”→Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.(I改为he，it不变)二随宾：Hesaid，“Youtoldmethisstory.”→HesaidthatIhadtoldhimthatstory.(You改为I，me改为him，told改为hadtold)第三人称不更新：Hesaidtome，“She'sleftherbookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmethatshehadleftherbookinmyroom.(She's改为shehad，her不变，your改为my)[即时演练1]句型转换①Theworkerssaid，“Theleadersoftenmaketheworkersworkextrahours.”→Theworkerssaidthattheleadersoftenmadetheworkersworkextrahours.②Marysaid，“Iwanttohaveacomputerofmyown.”→Marysaidthatshewantedtohaveacomputerofherown.③Hercolleaguesaidtoher，“Whodidyouaskforaleave？”→Hercolleagueaskedherwhoshehadaskedforaleave.二、直接引语变间接引语时时态的变化1．主句的谓语动词是一般过去时。如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时，动词时态相应变化见下表：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一般将来进行时过去将来进行时一般将来完成时过去将来完成时①Hesaid，“IusuallywatchTVonSunday.”→HesaidthatheusuallywatchedTVonSunday.②Hesaid，“I'musingtheknife.”→Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.③Hesaid，“Icametohelpyou.”→Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.[名师点津]直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言，与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Theteachersaid，“Theearthisround.”→Theteachersaidthattheearthisround.Hesaid，“IwasborninShandongin1965.”→HesaidthathewasborninShandongin1965.2．主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时。如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变。①Hesays，“Ifinishedthework.”→Hesaysthathefinishedthework.②Hewillsay，“Ihavewateredtheflowers.”→Hewillsaythathehaswateredtheflowers.[即时演练2]句型转换①Hisfriendsaidtohim，“Weareplanningtohaveapicnic.”→Hisfriendtoldhimthattheywereplanningtohaveapicnic.②Theorganizersaid，“Wehavebegunourplan.”→Theorganizersaidthattheyhadbeguntheirplan.③Myteachersaidtousyesterday，“Earlybirdscatchworms.”→Myteachertoldusyesterdaythatearlybirdscatchworms．三、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表类型直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those时间状语nowthentodaythatdaytonightthatnightthiswe...
